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Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) is a uniform state law, adopted in 1960, governing how children cross state lines for foster care or adoption.
Interstate River Water Disputes Act
The Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 (अन्तर्राज्यिक जल विवाद अधिनियम) is India's Act No. 33 of 1956 for adjudicating inter-State river water disputes through tribunals constituted by the central government, with time-bound decisions binding like Supreme Court orders.
Intestacy
Intestacy is the condition of dying without a valid will, or with a will that leaves part of the estate undisposed, so statutory intestate succession rules rank heirs, favoring spouses and children, and differ between slab and fractional systems.
Intimidation
Intimidation (tort): a common law wrong where a defendant threatens an unlawful act, coerces another, and causes the claimant loss. Established by Rookes v Barnard (1964); two-party form survived OBG v Allan; distinct from criminal intimidation statutes.
Invercargill City Council v Hamlin
Invercargill City Council v Hamlin (Privy Council, 1996; [1996] 1 NZLR 513) upheld council liability for economic loss from negligently approved defective foundations and adopted a discoverability limitation rule, permitting New Zealand to diverge from Murphy v Brentwood.
Investigations into the Eric Adams administration
Investigations into the Eric Adams administration: federal, state, and city corruption probes of the New York mayor (2022-2025), his 2021 campaign, Turkish donations, his 2024 indictment, the 2025 DOJ-ordered dismissal, and later inner-circle charges.
Investigations into the Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal
Investigations into the Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal: the Jay Report (1,400 children, 1997–2013), Casey inspection, Operation Stovewood (NCA, 26+ convictions), and IOPC inquiries into South Yorkshire Police failings.
Investigatory Powers Act 2016
Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (IPA, "Snoopers' Charter"), UK statute 2016 c. 25 consolidating interception, communications data, equipment interference and bulk personal dataset powers, with the double-lock judicial approval system, Investigatory Powers Commissioner oversight, and 2024 amendments.
Investment chapters in free trade agreements
Investment chapters in free trade agreements give foreign investors protections such as fair and equitable treatment and protection from expropriation, often enforced through investor–state dispute settlement.
Invitation to treat
Invitation to treat: a contract-law communication (shop displays, advertisements, auctions, tenders, online listings) that invites offers but cannot itself be accepted to form a binding contract, per Fisher v Bell, Boots, Partridge v Crittenden, with Carlill as the unilateral-offer exception.
Invocation and severability in treaty law
Invocation and severability in treaty law covers how a party claims grounds to invalidate, terminate, or suspend a treaty under the Vienna Convention's Articles 44 and 65 to 68.
Involuntary commitment
Involuntary commitment, also called civil commitment, is the legal process of placing a person in psychiatric treatment without consent, based on dangerousness or grave disability criteria, with mixed evidence on outcomes.
Ipswich serial murders
Ipswich serial murders, also called the Suffolk murders or Suffolk Strangler case: Steve Wright killed five sex workers in Ipswich, England, in late 2006, was convicted in 2008, and admitted a sixth 1999 murder in 2026.
IR35
IR35, the UK off-payroll working rules from the Finance Act 2000, taxes contractors through personal service companies like employees when the engagement resembles employment; reformed 2017 and 2021 to shift status determination to clients.
Ira Einhorn
Ira Einhorn (1940-2020), the 'Unicorn Killer,' was a Philadelphia counterculture guru and Earth Day master of ceremonies convicted of murdering Holly Maddux, whose body was found in his trunk; a fugitive in France for 16 years, he was extradited in 2001 and sentenced to life in 2002.
Iran nuclear deal framework
The Iran nuclear deal framework, the JCPOA (2015), is the agreement between Iran and the P5+1 limiting enrichment to 3.67 percent and 5,060 centrifuges for sanctions relief; the US withdrew in 2018 and UN sanctions were snapback-reimposed in 2025.
Iraq–Kuwait boundary demarcation under Security Council resolutions 687, 773 and 833
The Iraq–Kuwait boundary demarcation was the fixing of the Iraq–Kuwait border in binding geographic coordinates by a UN commission created under resolution 687 in 1991, declared final by resolution 833 in 1993.
Irene C. Berger
Irene Cornelia Berger, born 1954, is an American jurist serving as a US district judge for the Southern District of West Virginia since 2009, after 15 years on the West Virginia Circuit Court.
Irish European Constitution referendum
The Irish European Constitution referendum was the vote by which Ireland planned to ratify the 2004 European Constitution treaty, postponed after French and Dutch rejections and never held.
Irish indentured servants
Irish indentured servants: Irish people bound or transported to fixed-term plantation labor in the Americas and Caribbean, especially under Cromwell (1649–1659); distinct from chattel slavery, contrary to the 'Irish slaves' myth.
Irish nationality law
Irish nationality law governs who is an Irish citizen. Key statutes: the 1935 Act and the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956, amended after the 2004 referendum that restricted birthright citizenship; naturalisation generally requires 5 years of reckonable residence.
Irma C. Ramirez
Irma C. Ramirez, also known as Irma Carrillo Ramirez, is an American jurist serving as a Fifth Circuit appeals judge since 2023, appointed by Biden.
Iron maiden
Iron maiden: a supposed medieval spiked execution cabinet, actually an 18th-19th-century fabrication originating with an 1793 Siebenkees note about a 1515 Nuremberg execution; no medieval evidence exists.
IRS tax forms
IRS tax forms: standardized U.S. Treasury/IRS documents such as Form 1040, W-2, and 1099 series used to report federal taxes; Form 1040 dates to 1914, redesigned 2018, with e-filing since 1991.
Irving v Penguin Books Ltd
Irving v Penguin Books Ltd: 2000 English libel case in which David Irving sued Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin over Denying the Holocaust; Gray J found the defence of justification proved and Irving lost, later going bankrupt over costs.
Is Anyone Up?
Is Anyone Up? (isanyoneup.com) was Hunter Moore's 2010-2012 revenge porn website posting nonconsensual nude photos with victims' social media links; shut down after an FBI investigation, Moore sentenced to 30 months in 2015.
Isaac Stevens
Isaac Ingalls Stevens (1818–1862), first governor of Washington Territory and its Indian affairs superintendent, negotiated the ten Stevens Treaties of 1854–55 including Medicine Creek and Walla Walla, and died as a Union brigadier general at Chantilly.
Isaac Wright Jr.
Isaac Wright Jr., New Jersey attorney and music producer, wrongfully convicted in 1991 as a drug kingpin, overturned his own life sentence by studying law in prison, and inspired ABC's For Life.
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft
1990 theft of 13 artworks, including Rembrandt's only seascape and Vermeer's The Concert, from Boston's Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum by two fake police officers; largest U.S. property crime, still unsolved, $10 million reward.
ISDA Master Agreement
ISDA Master Agreement: standard-form ISDA framework contract (1987, 1992 Multicurrency-Cross Border, 2002 forms) governing OTC derivatives, with close-out netting, Events of Default, Termination Events, and the 2002 Close-out Amount replacing Market Quotation and Loss.