9,901 articles
Naturalization Act of 1790
The Naturalization Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 103) was the first U.S. federal naturalization law, limiting citizenship to free white persons with two years' residence; repealed by the 1795 act.
Natwarlal
Natwarlal, born Mithilesh Kumar Srivastava (1912), was India's most famous con man, known for forging signatures, selling the Taj Mahal and Red Fort, and escaping prison repeatedly; his death date remains disputed.
Navi Pillay
Navi Pillay, born Navanethem Pillay in 1941, is a South African jurist and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights who won the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize.
Nazario Moreno González
Nazario Moreno González (El Chayo, El Más Loco), born 1970 in Apatzingán, co-founded and led La Familia Michoacana, built its pseudo-Christian ideology around Eldredge's Wild at Heart and his own Pensamientos, and was reported killed by federal forces on 9 December 2010, a death later disputed.
Nazhat Shameem
Nazhat Shameem Khan (born 1960, Suva), Fijian jurist and diplomat; first woman DPP (1994) and High Court judge (1999) of Fiji, first UN Geneva ambassador, 2021 Human Rights Council President, ICC Deputy Prosecutor since 2021.
Nazi Lowriders
Nazi Lowriders (NLR, The Ride): white supremacist prison and street gang founded in California Youth Authority facilities in the late 1970s, tied to the Aryan Brotherhood, dominant white gang in California prisons by the 1990s, active in meth trafficking.
Nazir Afzal
Nazir Afzal OBE: British solicitor, former Chief Crown Prosecutor for North West England (2011–2015) who reopened the Rochdale grooming gang case, leading to nine convictions in 2012; later Chancellor of the University of Manchester and independent reviewer.
Neal Katyal
Neal Kumar Katyal, American appellate lawyer, former Acting Solicitor General (2010-2011), Georgetown law professor, now at Milbank; argued Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, the travel ban, and the 2026 tariff case; 50-plus Supreme Court arguments.
Necati Arabaci
Necati Arabaci (Coşkun Necati Arabacı, "Neco", "Cehennem Necati", "Godfather of Cologne"), born 1972 in Cologne, is a Turkish-German Hells Angels figure convicted in Germany in 2004, deported to Turkey in 2007, and detained in Izmir since October 2025 facing a 35-year sentence request.
Necessaries doctrine
The necessaries doctrine is a common-law rule holding one spouse responsible for debts the other incurred for essential goods and services, now used almost exclusively for unpaid medical bills.
Necessary and Proper Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause, Sweeping Clause), Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the U.S. Constitution, letting Congress pass laws to execute federal powers; source of implied powers, defined by McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and limited by Printz (1997).
Necessity (tort)
Necessity (tort) is a common law defense to trespass, split into private necessity, a qualified privilege requiring compensation for actual damages (Vincent v Lake Erie), and public necessity, a complete defense protecting the community.
Necessity and proportionality (international law)
Necessity and proportionality are twin requirements of customary international law limiting a state's use of force in self-defense, applied alongside Article 51 of the UN Charter.
Ned Kelly
Ned Kelly (Edward Kelly, 1854/1855–1880), Australian bushranger and leader of the Kelly Gang; Stringybark Creek murders, Euroa and Jerilderie robberies, Jerilderie letter, Glenrowan siege in plough-steel armour; hanged 11 November 1880.
Ned Nwoko
Ned Nwoko (Chinedu Munir Nwoko), Nigerian lawyer, businessman, and Senator for Delta North since 2023; former House of Representatives member 1999-2003, known for Paris Club refund litigation, malaria eradication advocacy, and the Anioma State bill.
Negligence
Negligence, also known as the tort of negligence, is a civil wrong in which someone fails to show the care a reasonable person would show in the same situation.
Negligence across legal systems
Negligence across legal systems compares how England, France, and Germany define liability for carelessly causing harm, contrasting the common-law duty of care with codified delict articles.
Negotiable instrument
Negotiable instrument: a written unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed sum, defined by UCC Article 3. Includes drafts (checks) and notes; a holder in due course takes free of most defenses.
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Act 26 of 1881) is India's law on promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques; its Section 138 criminalizes cheque dishonour for insufficient funds, with amendments in 2002, 2015, and 2018.
Negotiation and signing of the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was negotiated at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference by the Council of Four and signed by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors on 28 June 1919; Germany was excluded from the talks, and the US Senate rejected the treaty in 1919 and 1920.
Negotiorum gestio
Negotiorum gestio, or unauthorised management of another's affairs, is a Roman-law source of non-contractual obligations in civil-law codes, where a benevolent gestor may recover expenses subject to limits, but the common law never adopted the doctrine.
Neighbourhood Watch (United Kingdom)
Neighbourhood Watch (UK), also Home Watch, is a volunteer-led community crime prevention movement begun in Mollington, Cheshire, in 1982; 1.4 million households take part, with evidence of 16-26% crime reduction.
Neil Gorsuch
Neil Gorsuch, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court since April 10, 2017, Trump's first appointee, succeeding Scalia; originalist and textualist, author of McGirt v. Oklahoma, confirmed 54-45 on April 7, 2017.
Neil Hamilton (politician)
Mostyn Neil Hamilton is a British former barrister and Conservative MP for Tatton from 1983 to 1997 who resigned as a minister in the 1994 cash-for-questions affair.
Nelson S. Román
Nelson S. Román, also known as Nelson Stephen Román, is a United States district judge for the Southern District of New York, appointed by President Obama in 2013.
Nelva G. Ramos
Nelva Gonzales Ramos, born 1965 in Port Lavaca, Texas, is a United States district judge for the Southern District of Texas, appointed by President Barack Obama in 2011.
Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes
Nemesio "El Mencho" Oseguera Cervantes (b. 1966, Aguililla, Michoacán), founder and leader of the CJNG cartel, indicted in Washington, $15 million US reward, reported captured and killed by Mexican special forces in Jalisco in February 2026.
Neo-Assyrian vassal treaties and adê oaths
Neo-Assyrian adê oaths were sworn pacts of loyalty imposed by the Assyrian king on foreign vassals and the Assyrian population between the ninth and seventh centuries BC.
Neocolonialism
Neocolonialism: continuation of colonial-style domination over formally independent states via economic, political, and cultural means; coined by Kwame Nkrumah in his 1965 Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism, distinct from direct colonial rule.
Neomi Rao
Neomi Rao, D.C. Circuit judge appointed March 2019 filling Brett Kavanaugh's seat, former OIRA administrator (2017) and George Mason administrative-law professor; wrote Flynn dismissal and 2026 deportation-flight contempt rulings.