9,901 articles
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Nineteenth Amendment, also called the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, bars denying the vote on account of sex. Passed by Congress in 1919, ratified by Tennessee as the 36th state on August 18, 1920, certified August 26, 1920.
Ninian Stephen
Sir Ninian Stephen (1923-2017) was an Australian judge and administrator: High Court justice 1972-82, 20th Governor-General 1982-89, first Ambassador for the Environment, ICTY founding judge, and Knight of the Garter.
Niño Guerrero
Niño Guerrero (Héctor Rusthenford Guerrero Flores, born 1983, Maracay) was the Venezuelan head of the Tren de Aragua gang, run from Tocorón prison; killed June 12, 2026 in a joint US-Venezuela strike in Bolívar state.
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Ninth Amendment (ratified December 15, 1791) of the U.S. Bill of Rights says enumerated rights must not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people; its meaning and judicial use remain contested.
Nita A Farahany
Nita A Farahany is an Iranian American legal scholar and philosopher at Duke Law School who argues for cognitive liberty, a human right over one's own brain and mental experiences.
Nita Neary
Nita Neary, Chi Omega sorority resident and eyewitness in the Ted Bundy murders trial, saw a club-wielding man leaving the house on January 15, 1978, and identified Bundy at the 1979 Miami trial.
Nitza I. Q. Alejandro
Nitza I. Q. Alejandro, born Nitza Ileana Quiñones Alejandro, is an American judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
Niue–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
The Niue–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty, signed in Wellington in 1997 and in force from 2014, establishes a 279-mile equidistant maritime boundary between American Samoa and Niue.
Nizam al-Mulk (نظام الملك)
Nizam al-Mulk (نظام الملك), Abu ʿAli Hasan Tusi (1018–1092), Persian vizier of Seljuk sultans Alp Arslan and Malikshah, founder of the Nizamiyya madrasas and author of the Siyasatnama, assassinated in 1092.
Nnamdi Azikiwe
Nnamdi Azikiwe, known as Zik of Africa, was a Nigerian journalist and nationalist who led the independence movement and served as Nigeria's first President from 1963 until the 1966 military coup.
NNN lease
NNN lease (triple net, net-net-net): commercial lease where the tenant pays base rent plus property taxes, insurance, and CAM, versus single (N) and double (NN) net leases; roof/structure allocation depends on lease wording.
No quarter
No quarter, or denial of quarter, means refusing to spare the lives of surrendering or defenseless enemies. Prohibited by Hague Regulations Article 23(d), customary IHL Rule 46, and the Rome Statute as a war crime.
No-contest clause
A no-contest clause (in terrorem clause) in a will or trust penalizes a beneficiary who challenges the document by forfeiting the gift. Most U.S. states enforce them subject to probable cause exceptions; Florida bars them by statute.
No-fault divorce
No-fault divorce ends a marriage on grounds of irretrievable breakdown without proving wrongdoing. California pioneered it in 1969; all 50 US states and, since April 2022, England and Wales now offer it.
No-knock warrant
No-knock warrant: US search warrant authorizing police to enter without knocking or announcing; rooted in knock-and-announce exceptions (Richards v. Wisconsin), restricted after Breonna Taylor's 2020 death, with state bans and DOJ 2021 limits.
Noah Feldman
Noah Feldman, also cited as Noah R. Feldman, is a Harvard constitutional law professor (Arthur Kingsley Porter University Professor), Bloomberg columnist, author of To Be a Jew Today and The Broken Constitution, Iraq constitution advisor, and architect of the Facebook Oversight Board.
Noah Hood
Noah P. Hood is a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court, appointed by Governor Gretchen Whitmer effective May 27, 2025 to fill Elizabeth Clement's seat. A Detroit native and former federal prosecutor, he previously served on the Michigan Court of Appeals and Wayne County's Third Circuit Court, and is the 2026 Democratic nominee for a full term.
Noel Pearson
Noel Pearson is an Australian Aboriginal leader, lawyer, and essayist from Cape York, Queensland, who rose to prominence in 1993 land rights struggles and later championed welfare reform and the Voice referendum.
Noël Wise
Noël Wise (born 1968) is a U.S. district judge for the Northern District of California, confirmed 50-47 in December 2024; formerly an Alameda County Superior Court judge, DOJ environmental prosecutor, and PG&E in-house counsel.
Noelia Castillo euthanasia case
Noelia Castillo Ramos (2000–2026), a Barcelona woman left paraplegic by a 2022 suicide attempt, received legal euthanasia in Spain on 26 March 2026 after a 601-day court battle with her father through all instances including the ECtHR.
Noir fiction
Noir fiction, also called roman noir, is a crime fiction subgenre whose doomed protagonists commit crimes rather than solve them, emerging from American pulp magazines in the 1930s.
Nolle prosequi
Nolle prosequi (nol. pros.), Latin for "unwilling to prosecute," is a prosecutor's formal abandonment of charges, in criminal or civil suits. Unlike acquittal, it does not bar refiling; federal Rule 48 requires leave of court.
Nollie Martin
Nollie Lee Martin, Florida murderer executed by electrocution May 12, 1992 for the 1977 rape-murder of student Patricia Greenfield; case produced Ford v. Wainwright competency litigation and Rule 3.811.
Nolo contendere
Nolo contendere, or no contest, is a criminal plea in which a defendant neither admits nor denies guilt but accepts conviction and punishment. It requires court consent under Federal Rule 11 and is generally inadmissible in later civil cases under FRE 410.
Nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States
Nomination and confirmation to the US Supreme Court: the Article II process by which the President nominates and the Senate confirms justices, 165 nominations since 1789, Judiciary Committee hearings since 1916, and the 2017 simple-majority cloture rule.
Non bis in idem
Non bis in idem (ne bis in idem), the double-jeopardy principle barring repeat trial or punishment for the same offence, as set out in the Rome Statute Article 20, ECHR Protocol No. 7 Article 4, ICCPR Article 14(7), and EU Charter Article 50.
Non-compete clause
Non-compete clause: an employment term barring workers from joining competitors or starting rival businesses after leaving a job, also called a covenant not to compete. The FTC's 2024 US ban was vacated in 2025; California and three other states ban them outright while other states restrict by salary or duration.
Non-disclosure agreement
A non-disclosure agreement (NDA), or confidentiality agreement, is a contract keeping specified information confidential. Covers trade secrets, employment and settlement uses, the US Speak Out Act, UK Employment Rights Act 2025, and research on NDAs' labor-market effects.
Non-executive director
Non-executive director (NED): a board member outside executive management who scrutinizes and challenges the executive. Central to the 1992 Cadbury Report and the UK Corporate Governance Code's comply-or-explain regime.
Non-refoulement
Non-refoulement: international law principle, rooted in Article 33 of the 1951 Refugee Convention and Article 3 CAT, prohibiting return of people to persecution, torture, or serious harm; customary norm binding all states.