9,901 articles
United States territorial court
United States territorial courts are Article IV legislative courts Congress establishes for U.S. territories. The District Courts of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have 10-year-term judges, unlike Article III life-tenured district judges.
United States Treaties and Other International Agreements
United States Treaties and Other International Agreements is the official bound compilation of treaties that collected the individual pamphlet issues of the Treaties and Other International Acts Series.
United States trust law
United States trust law: state-law doctrine governing trustee-beneficiary property arrangements, diverging from English law via settlor-intent primacy, spendthrift trusts, the Claflin doctrine, the Restatements, and the Uniform Trust Code adopted by most states.
United States v Burns
United States v Burns, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 283 (2001 SCC 7): Supreme Court of Canada case holding that extraditing Canadian citizens Burns and Rafay to Washington without death penalty assurances violates Charter section 7, reversing Kindler.
United States v. Adams
United States v. Adams: caption shared by several unrelated U.S. decisions, including 383 U.S. 39 (1966) on a battery patent, a Commerce Clause child-pornography appeal, and CAAF 25-0217/AR (2025) on post-final habeas jurisdiction.
United States v. Article Consisting of 50,000 Cardboard Boxes More or Less, Each Containing One Pair of Clacker Balls
United States v. Article Consisting of 50,000 Cardboard Boxes More or Less (413 F. Supp. 1281, E.D. Wis. 1976) is an in rem FHSA forfeiture case over banned clacker ball toys, enforcing 16 CFR 1500.18(a)(7).
United States v. Carolene Products Co.
United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144 (1938): Supreme Court case upholding the 1923 Filled Milk Act under rational basis review, famous for Justice Stone's Footnote Four on discrete and insular minorities.
United States v. Carroll Towing Co.
United States v. Carroll Towing Co. is a 1947 Second Circuit decision by Judge Learned Hand arising from the sinking of the barge Anna C in New York Harbor.
United States v. Cruikshank
United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876), a Supreme Court ruling from the Colfax Massacre holding the First, Second, and Fourteenth Amendments did not reach private violence, gutting Reconstruction-era federal civil rights prosecution.
United States v. Davis (1962)
United States v. Davis, 370 U.S. 65 (1962), a Supreme Court tax case: a husband's transfer of appreciated stock to his ex-wife in a divorce settlement is a taxable event with gain measured by fair market value over basis; wife's attorney fees nondeductible; later superseded by IRC § 1041.
United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (also Sugar Trust Case), 156 U.S. 1 (1895): Supreme Court held 8-1 that the Sherman Antitrust Act did not reach the American Sugar Refining Company's 98 percent monopoly of sugar refining because manufacture is not interstate commerce.
United States v. Handley
United States v. Handley names several federal cases, most notably an Eighth Circuit decision (No. 24-2976, 2026) holding a drug dog's window intrusion was a Fourth Amendment search but affirming denial of suppression under good-faith reliance on United States v. Lyons.
United States v. Johnson (1911)
United States v. Johnson, 221 U.S. 488 (1911), Supreme Court case construing the 1906 Food and Drugs Act; Holmes held misbranding covered false identity statements, not cancer-cure label claims; Hughes dissented.
United States v. Live Nation Entertainment
United States et al. v. Live Nation Entertainment (S.D.N.Y. 1:24-cv-03973) is the 2024 DOJ and state attorneys general antitrust suit alleging Live Nation and Ticketmaster monopolized primary ticketing, concert promotion, and amphitheaters, settled by DOJ in 2026 but won by states at jury trial.
United States v. Lopez
United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995), Supreme Court case striking down the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 as beyond Congress's Commerce Clause power, 5-4, first such invalidation since 1936.
United States v. Microsoft Corp.
United States v. Microsoft Corp., the 1998 federal Sherman Act antitrust case over Internet Explorer and Windows, tried before Judge Jackson, appealed to the D.C. Circuit, and settled with conduct remedies in 2002.
United States v. Nixon
United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974), the Nixon tapes case: unanimous Supreme Court ruling rejecting absolute executive privilege and ordering Watergate tapes produced for in camera review.
United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians, 448 U.S. 371 (1980): Supreme Court holding that the 1877 congressional seizure of the Black Hills, abrogating the Fort Laramie Treaty, was a Fifth Amendment taking requiring just compensation with interest, which the Sioux refuse to accept.
United States v. Skrmetti
United States v. Skrmetti, 605 U.S. 495 (2025): the Supreme Court upheld Tennessee's SB1 ban on puberty blockers and hormones for transgender minors, holding 6-3 that the law draws age and medical-use classifications subject only to rational basis review.
United States v. The Amistad
United States v. The Amistad (40 U.S. 518, 1841): Supreme Court case from the 1839 revolt of kidnapped Africans on the Spanish schooner Amistad; Joseph Story's opinion freed the captives, who returned to Africa.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark
United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898), 169 U.S. 649: Supreme Court decision, 6-2 under Justice Gray, holding that a child born in the U.S. to Chinese immigrant parents is a citizen by birth under the Fourteenth Amendment, with exceptions for diplomats, occupying armies, and tribal Indians; reaffirmed in Trump v. Barbara (2026).
United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
US withdrawal from the JCPOA: President Trump's May 8, 2018 exit from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal via a presidential memorandum, reimposing US sanctions, prompting Iranian noncompliance from 2019 and the 2025 UN snapback.
United States-Israel FUTURES Act
United States-Israel FUTURES Act of 2026 (S. 3855/H.R. 7540), a bipartisan bill by Budd, Gillibrand, Jackson, and Davis establishing a US-Israel Defense Technology Cooperation Initiative with $150M annual funding; not passed standalone, carried into FY2027 NDAA Sections 219/1217.
Universal Copyright Convention
Universal Copyright Convention (UCC), copyright treaty adopted at Geneva 6 September 1952 under UNESCO, revised at Paris 1971; © notice rule, 25-year minimum term, 100 members, bridge between Berne and non-Berne countries.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a United Nations declaration adopted in Paris in 1948, with 30 articles of fundamental human rights, the world's most translated document.
Universal jurisdiction
Universal jurisdiction lets national courts prosecute genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture and enforced disappearance regardless of where committed or offender nationality; rooted in piracy doctrine, expanded since the Eichmann and Pinochet cases.
Unjust enrichment
Unjust enrichment is a common law claim allowing a claimant to recover, by restitution, a benefit a defendant received at the claimant's expense in unjust circumstances.
Unjust vexation
Unjust vexation, under Article 287(2) of the Philippine Revised Penal Code, is a light, undefined catch-all offense penalizing acts that unjustifiably annoy or vex; punished by arresto menor or a P1,000 to P40,000 fine.
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA) is India's anti-terror and unlawful-association statute, amended in 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2019; the 2019 amendment allows designating individuals as terrorists, with NCRB data and Section 43D(5) bail jurisprudence shaping its use.
Unlawful assembly
Unlawful assembly is a public order offence: a group gathered for a common purpose becomes criminal through its conduct or object, typically where observers reasonably fear a breach of the peace. Known in English common law, Canadian, Indian (BNS s.189), and US statutes; abolished in England and Wales by the Public Order Act 1986.