9,901 articles
Calder v British Columbia (AG)
Calder v British Columbia (AG), [1973] SCR 313, is the Nisga'a aboriginal title case in which six of seven Supreme Court of Canada justices affirmed aboriginal title exists in Canadian law, prompting Canada's comprehensive land claims policy.
Cali Cartel
Cali Cartel (Cartel de Cali), Colombian cocaine trafficking organization founded by Gilberto and Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela; less violent and more politically embedded than Medellín, supplied about 80% of US cocaine, collapsed after 1995 arrests and 2006 guilty pleas.
California Child Actor's Bill
The California Child Actor's Bill, or Coogan Act (1939), named for Jackie Coogan, requires 15% of a child performer's gross earnings be placed in a blocked Coogan Trust Account until 18; extended in 2024 to child influencers, with similar laws in New York, Illinois, Louisiana, and New Mexico.
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), created July 1, 2005 from the Youth and Adult Correctional Agency, runs California's state adult prisons, parole supervision, and rehabilitation programs, under federal court population and health care oversight.
California Digital Age Assurance Act
California Digital Age Assurance Act (AB 1043, DAAA), Civil Code 1798.500–1798.505: 2025 law requiring operating systems and app stores to collect age at setup and send real-time age-bracket signals to developers, effective January 1, 2027; amended by AB 1856 to exempt open-source operating systems.
California Medical Facility
California Medical Facility (CMF) is CDCR's prison hospital in Vacaville, California, activated in 1955 as the nation's first prison hospital, with psychiatric inpatient programs, hospice care, and specialized medical services for male inmates.
California Men's Colony
California Men's Colony (CMC) is a CDCR men's prison northwest of San Luis Obispo, California, on Camp San Luis Obispo grounds, with East (Level III) and West (Level I/II, closed 2023) facilities, intermediate medical care, PIA industries, and inmate firefighting.
California State Prison, Corcoran
California State Prison, Corcoran (CSP-COR) is a CDCR men's prison in Kings County, California, activated 1988, housing minimum to maximum security levels including a Security Housing Unit, with a 2,916-bed design capacity.
California State Senate
California State Senate, upper house of the California Legislature: 40 senators, four-year terms, 12-year lifetime limit, 30 Democrats and 10 Republicans, led by President pro Tempore Monique Limón.
Call to the bar
Call to the bar, or being called to the bar, is admission as a barrister, conferred by an Inn of Court in England and Wales after academic, vocational, and qualifying-session requirements, and by provincial law societies in Canada; distinct from US bar admission.
Callie V. Granade
Callie V. Granade is an American jurist, a federal district judge in Alabama appointed by George W. Bush, known for striking down the state's same-sex marriage ban in 2015.
Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather plc
Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather plc [1994] 2 AC 264, House of Lords, 9 December 1993: PCE spillages at a Sawston tannery contaminated a borehole 1.3 miles away; foreseeability of damage of the relevant type was held a prerequisite of liability in nuisance and under Rylands v Fletcher, so ECL was not liable.
Camela C. Theeler
Camela Catherine Theeler, born in 1975 in Sioux Falls, is a United States district judge in South Dakota since 2024, after serving on the state circuit court.
Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States
Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States: the Court prohibits all photography and video in its courtroom, offers same-day audio and livestreams since May 2020, and faces recurring Cameras in the Courtroom Act proposals.
Cameron M. Currie
Cameron McGowan Currie, born 1948, is an American jurist serving as a senior federal district judge in South Carolina, appointed by President Clinton in 1994.
Cameron Todd Willingham
Cameron Todd Willingham: Texas man executed February 17, 2004 for the 1991 Corsicana house fire that killed his three daughters; independent arson experts later found the arson evidence scientifically invalid, making his case a leading wrongful-execution example.
Camille L. Vélez-Rivé
Camille L. Vélez-Rivé, born Camille Lizette Vélez-Rivé in 1968, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the District of Puerto Rico since 2022.
Camille Vasquez
Camille Vasquez, American litigator, Depp v. Heard 2022 attorney at Brown Rudnick, now Sheppard Mullin Orange County managing partner; defamation and reputation practice, clients PepsiCo, Korean Air, Amazon.
Camorra
The Camorra is a Neapolitan mafia-type criminal organization based in Naples and Campania, made up of autonomous clans rather than a single hierarchy, dating to the early 19th century.
Campaign finance in state supreme court elections
Campaign finance in state supreme court elections is the money raised and spent to elect state supreme court justices, reaching a record $157.3 million in 2023–24.
CAN-SPAM Act of 2003
The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 (Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act, P.L. 108-187) is the US federal commercial email law: opt-out consent, header and subject-line rules, unsubscribe rights, FTC and state enforcement, no consumer right to sue.
Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Vavilov
Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65, is the Supreme Court of Canada's administrative law trilogy decision establishing a presumption of reasonableness in judicial review and holding the son of Russian spies a Canadian citizen.
Canada Industrial Relations Board
Canada Industrial Relations Board (CIRB), Conseil canadien des relations industrielles: independent federal tribunal resolving disputes under the Canada Labour Code, Status of the Artist Act, and Wage Earner Protection Program Act for federally regulated workplaces; tripartite composition, chaired since May 2025 by Maryse Tremblay.
Canada Revenue Agency
Canada Revenue Agency (CRA, Agence du revenu du Canada): federal agency administering Canadian tax laws for the federal government and most provinces and territories, plus benefits such as the Canada child benefit; created 1999, renamed 2005.
Canada-China Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments Agreement
Canada-China FIPA, a bilateral investment treaty signed at Vladivostok 9 September 2012 and in force 1 October 2014, granting reciprocal investor treatment, ISDS arbitration, and a 15-plus-15-year term.
Canada–United States Beaufort Sea maritime boundary dispute
The Canada–United States Beaufort Sea maritime boundary dispute is an unresolved disagreement over a wedge of about 21,000 square kilometers of the Beaufort Sea north of the Alaska–Yukon border.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Charte canadienne des droits et libertés), or the Charter, is Canada's constitutional bill of rights, in force since 1982.
Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation: the 1867 union of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into the Dominion of Canada under the British North America Act, negotiated at Charlottetown, Quebec City, and London.
Canadian defamation law
Canadian defamation law: common law tort requiring defamatory words, reference, and publication, with falsity and damage presumed; key defence is responsible communication on matters of public interest from Grant v. Torstar (2009), plus anti-SLAPP laws and Criminal Code defamatory libel.
Canadian Human Rights Act
Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA), federal Canadian statute enacted 1977 prohibiting discrimination in employment and services under federal jurisdiction on the grounds listed in s. 3(1), administered by the Canadian Human Rights Commission and adjudicated by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal.