9,901 articles
Eminent domain
Eminent domain, also called expropriation or compulsory acquisition, is the government's power to take private property for public use. In the US it is bounded by the Fifth Amendment Takings Clause requiring just compensation (fair market value) and a public use, as shaped by Kohl, Berman, and Kelo.
Emirate of Transjordan (إمارة شرق الأردن)
Emirate of Transjordan (إمارة شرق الأردن), the Hashemite emirate founded 11 April 1921 under British Mandate rule of Emir Abdullah I, distinguished from the later Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan proclaimed at full independence on 25 May 1946.
Emission standard
Emission standard: legal limit on the quantity, rate, or concentration of air pollutant emissions, defined by the US Clean Air Act and implemented via NAAQS, NSPS, NESHAPs, vehicle tailpipe standards, Euro 6, and continuous emission monitoring.
Emma Coronel Aispuro
Emma Coronel Aispuro, born 1989, is a former beauty queen who married El Chapo Guzmán in 2007, pleaded guilty in 2021 to drug trafficking, money laundering, and Kingpin Act charges, served three years, and was released in September 2023.
Emma Elizabeth Smith
Emma Elizabeth Smith (c. 1843–1888), first victim in the Whitechapel Murders file: a 45-year-old widow fatally assaulted by a gang near Whitechapel Church on 3 April 1888; died of peritonitis; not a canonical Jack the Ripper victim.
Emmanuel Nwude
Emmanuel Nwude, Nigerian businessman and former Union Bank director, defrauded Brazil's Banco Noroeste of $242 million (1995–1998) by impersonating CBN Governor Paul Ogwuma and selling a fictitious Abuja airport; convicted 2005 and again in 2026.
Emmet G. Sullivan
Emmet G. Sullivan (born 1947, Washington, D.C.), senior U.S. District Judge for D.C., appointed by three presidents to three judicial seats; known for the Ted Stevens trial, the Michael Flynn case, and Epstein files litigation.
Emmett Till
Emmett Till (1941–1955), a Chicago teenager lynched near Money, Mississippi, in August 1955 after an encounter with Carolyn Bryant; his killers' acquittal and Look magazine confession galvanized the Civil Rights Movement.
Emphyteusis
Emphyteusis (ἐμφύτευσις), also called emphyteutic lease or bail emphytéotique, is a perpetual or long-term real right in another's land requiring cultivation and fixed rent, created in late Roman law by Zeno and Justinian and surviving in French, Belgian, Maltese, Greek, and Ukrainian property law.
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
ERISA, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-406), is the US federal law setting minimum standards for private-sector pension and welfare plans: fiduciary duties, vesting, funding, disclosure, preemption, and PBGC termination insurance.
Employer Identification Number
Employer Identification Number (EIN), also called Federal Tax Identification Number: a nine-digit IRS identifier (format 12-3456789) for businesses, tax-exempt organizations, estates, and trusts. Applied for free on Form SS-4; distinct from SSN and ITIN.
Employment Appeal Tribunal
Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT): UK court hearing appeals on points of law from employment tribunals in England, Wales, and Scotland. Established 1975/1976, superior court of record, 42-day appeal deadline, no fee, President Lord Fairley since 2025.
Employment authorization document
Employment Authorization Document (EAD, Form I-766), USCIS work-permit card applied for on Form I-765; automatic renewal extensions grew from 180 to 540 days, then were removed for filings on or after October 30, 2025.
Employment discrimination
Employment discrimination is unfavorable treatment of workers or applicants based on race, sex, religion, disability, or other job-irrelevant traits, covered by Title VII and ILO standards, studied via correspondence experiments, and enforced by the EEOC.
Employment tribunal
Employment tribunals are Great Britain's judicial bodies for worker claims over statutory employment rights such as unfair dismissal and wage deductions. Established 1964 as industrial tribunals; claims now usually need Acas early conciliation and, from 1 October 2026, a 6-month time limit.
En banc
En banc, from French "on the bench," is a procedure in which all qualified judges of a U.S. court of appeals hear or rehear a case together, governed by FRAP 35 and the consolidated Rule 40.
Enclosure
Enclosure, also spelled inclosure, is a boundary such as a fence or hedge limiting access to land, and the English process of consolidating common fields.
Enedina Arellano Félix
Enedina Arellano Félix, also known as Enedina Arellano Félix de Toledo or La Jefa, born 1961 in Sinaloa, is the sister of the Tijuana Cartel founders, reportedly its financial operator from 2006 and leader from 2008, and an OFAC-sanctioned individual.
Enforceability of marital agreements
Enforceability of marital agreements concerns whether prenuptial, postnuptial, or separation agreements bind the parties, with US statutes favoring enforcement and UK courts reviewing fairness under Radmacher.
Enforced disappearance
Enforced disappearance, also known as involuntary disappearance, occurs when state agents deprive someone of liberty and then deny it or conceal their fate, leaving them outside the law's protection.
Enforcement Directorate
Directorate of Enforcement (ED), India's financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. Enforces PMLA, FEMA, and FEOA; established 1956; headquartered in New Delhi; investigates money laundering, attaches assets, and prosecutes economic offenders.
Enforcement of spousal maintenance orders
Enforcement of spousal maintenance orders is the recovery of unpaid spousal maintenance through courts and agencies, using wage garnishment, bank account freezing, and sanctions such as license and passport refusal.
England and Wales
England and Wales is a single UK legal jurisdiction and one of three UK legal systems, formed by the Acts of Union of 1536 and 1543. It shares courts, common law, and legal professions, with devolution creating distinct Welsh law within the joint jurisdiction.
English contract law
English contract law governs contracts in England and Wales through offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations; case-law driven, shaped by assumpsit, Pothier, no general good-faith duty, and the Consumer Rights Act 2015.
English defamation law
English defamation law: the tort protecting reputation in England and Wales under the Defamation Act 2013, covering serious harm, truth, honest opinion, public interest defences, libel tourism, costs, and comparisons with Scots and US law.
English Devolution and Community Empowerment Act 2026
English Devolution and Community Empowerment Act 2026 (2026 c. 23), UK Act receiving Royal Assent 29 April 2026, creates strategic authorities, Community Right to Buy, gambling impact assessments, and bans upwards-only rent review clauses.
English land law
English land law governs ownership, use, and transfer of land in England and Wales. Rooted in feudal tenure, it was reshaped by the six 1925 property statutes, chiefly the Law of Property Act 1925, and is now undergoing major leasehold and commonhold reform.
English Language Act 2026
New Zealand public act, 2026 No 49, assented 6 August 2026, declaring English an official language of New Zealand alongside te reo Māori and New Zealand Sign Language; a declaratory Government bill in charge of Paul Goldsmith.
English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, also called the law of England and Wales. It combines judge-made precedent, parliamentary statute, and equity, dates to Henry II's reforms, and differs from Scots law, influencing legal systems worldwide.
English PEN
English PEN, founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, is a writers' association campaigning for freedom of expression and the founding center of the PEN movement.