9,901 articles
English trust law
English trust law splits ownership of trust assets between a trustee holding legal title and beneficiaries holding equitable title. Covers the three certainties, Trustee Act 2000 duties, medieval Uses origins, and the civil-law reception problem.
English unjust enrichment law
English unjust enrichment law lets claimants recover benefits received at their expense in unjust circumstances, built on four elements: enrichment, expense, unjust factor, and no defence. Key cases: Lipkin Gorman (1991), Woolwich (1993), Kleinwort Benson (1999).
Enlargement of NATO
NATO enlargement: the Alliance's growth from 12 founding members in 1949 to 32 in 2024 via ten rounds, based on Article 10's open door, the 1995 Study on Enlargement, and rounds in 1999, 2004, and 2023-2024.
Enoch L. Johnson
Enoch Lewis "Nucky" Johnson (1883-1968), Atlantic City political boss and racketeer, ran the Republican machine from 1911 to 1941, profited from Prohibition-era bootlegging, gambling, and prostitution, hosted the 1929 mob conference, and inspired HBO's Nucky Thompson.
Enron scandal
The Enron scandal was the 2001 collapse of Enron Corporation, a Houston energy company that hid debts through fraudulent accounting and filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history.
Entente Cordiale
The Entente Cordiale, or Anglo-French Entente, is a set of three agreements signed in London on 8 April 1904 settling British and French colonial disputes.
Entitlement to spousal maintenance
Entitlement to spousal maintenance is the threshold legal question of whether one spouse must support the other, decided by need, ability to pay, and statutory grounds.
Entrapment
Entrapment, also known as legal entrapment, is an affirmative defense in criminal law in which the defendant claims government agents induced them to commit a crime.
Entrenched clause
Entrenched clause, also called eternity clause or unamendable provision: a constitutional provision shielded from amendment, from supermajority constraints to outright prohibitions, exemplified by Germany's Basic Law Article 79(3) and India's basic structure doctrine.
Entry into force of treaties
Entry into force of treaties is the moment a treaty becomes binding under international law, per Vienna Convention Article 24; the CTBT, adopted in 1996, has never entered into force.
Enumclaw horse sex case
Enumclaw horse sex case, also called the Mr. Hands incident: July 2, 2005 death of Kenneth Pinyan from sex with a stallion near Enumclaw, Washington; led to Washington's 2006 bestiality law, a Class C felony.
Environment Protection Act, 1986
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (Act No. 29 of 1986): India's umbrella environmental framework law, in force 19 November 1986, defining 'environment' in Section 2, empowering the central government under Sections 3 and 5, with penalties decriminalised by the Jan Vishwas Act 2023.
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) is Australia's primary Commonwealth environmental law, enacted in 1999 to protect matters of national environmental significance.
Environmental law
Environmental law, also known as environmental regulation or green law, is the body of statutes, treaties, and judicial decisions protecting air, water, land, and biodiversity, with modern global practice traced to the 1972 Stockholm Conference.
Environmental Protection Act 1990
Environmental Protection Act 1990 (1990 c. 43), UK statute consolidating pollution control, waste duty of care (ss. 33-34), statutory nuisance abatement notices (Part III), and litter duties (Part IV), still in force and amended.
EPA Tier 3 emissions standards
The EPA Tier 3 emissions standards, promulgated in 2014, tighten tailpipe and evaporative emission limits for new vehicles and cut gasoline sulfur to 10 ppm from 2017.
Eperjes blood tribunal
The Eperjes blood tribunal (eperjesi vértörvényszék) was a Habsburg court convened at Eperjes, today Prešov in Slovakia, in 1687, executing 24 Protestants for alleged support of Thököly's uprising.
Epic Games v. Google
Epic Games v. Google, filed August 2020 after Fortnite was pulled from Google Play, is the US antitrust suit a jury decided for Epic in December 2023, leading to an injunction opening the Play Store to rival stores and payment methods.
Epitácio Pessoa
Epitácio Pessoa, in full Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa, was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as president of Brazil from 1919 to 1922, then a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice.
Epstein didn't kill himself
Epstein didn't kill himself: bait-and-switch meme and catchphrase from October 2019 claiming Jeffrey Epstein's August 2019 jail death was murder, not the officially ruled suicide; spread via Fox News, Gosar tweets, and 2025 DOJ-file controversy.
Epstein files
The Epstein files, also called the Jeffrey Epstein files, are Justice Department and court records about Jeffrey Epstein, released publicly from 2025 under the Epstein Files Transparency Act.
Epstein Files Transparency Act
Epstein Files Transparency Act (EFTA), Public Law 119-38, H.R. 4405: 2025 US law requiring DOJ to release all unclassified Epstein and Maxwell records within 30 days; House passed 427-1; DOJ released about 3.5 million of over 6 million pages, missing the deadline, prompting litigation and an OIG audit.
EpsteinExposed
EpsteinExposed is a public interest database that catalogs millions of documents, including court filings, flight logs, and financial records, sourced from government releases and public court records.
Equal Protection Clause
Equal Protection Clause: part of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868), barring states from denying any person equal protection of the law; extended to the federal government via the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause, and enforced through strict, intermediate, and rational basis scrutiny.
Equality before the law
Equality before the law: the principle that all persons, including the state, are subject to the same laws; rooted in Magna Carta (1215), guaranteed by UDHR Article 7, and analyzed through formal versus substantive equality.
Equity (law)
Equity (law): body of English-origin legal principles and remedies, administered historically by the Court of Chancery, that supplements common law when money damages are inadequate, via injunctions, specific performance, trusts, and vacatur.
Erga omnes
Erga omnes obligations in international law are owed by a State to the international community as a whole, introduced by the ICJ's 1970 Barcelona Traction obiter dictum, distinct from erga omnes partes treaty obligations and jus cogens norms.
Eric C. Schulte
Eric C. Schulte, born 1972 in Sioux Falls, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the District of South Dakota since 2024.
Eric C. Tostrud
Eric C. Tostrud, also known as Eric Christian Tostrud, is a United States district judge for the District of Minnesota since 2018 and its chief judge since 2026.
Eric D. Miller
Eric D. Miller, born 1975, is an American jurist serving as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit since 2019, appointed by President Trump.