9,901 articles
Estate (law)
Estate (law): in common law property, an interest in land defined by duration rather than ownership, covering fee simple absolute, life estates, defeasible fees, leaseholds, and future interests, distinguishing common law estates from civil law ownership.
Estate of Jeffrey Epstein
Estate of Jeffrey Epstein, including the 1953 Trust: probate estate of the financier who died August 10, 2019, administered in USVI Superior Court by executors Darren Indyke and Richard Kahn, which paid about $121 million to roughly 150 abuse survivors and settled with the Virgin Islands for $105 million.
Estate of Michael Jackson
Estate of Michael Jackson: probate estate of the singer (d. 2009), run by executors John Branca and John McClain under his 2002 will; assets include Mijac Music and masters; sold Sony/ATV stake for $750M in 2016 and half his catalog to Sony for ~$600M in 2024.
Estate planning
Estate planning is arranging a person's affairs through wills, trusts, and powers of attorney so assets are managed and distributed as wished at death or incapacity.
Estate sale
Estate sale (tag sale, estate liquidation): a public sale of most or all of a home's contents, typically after death, downsizing, divorce, or debt, run over 1-3 days by professional liquidators charging 25-40% commission.
Estate tax in the United States
Estate tax in the United States, also called the death tax, is a federal transfer tax on property at death under Form 706, unified with the gift tax. The 2026 exemption is $15 million per person ($30 million married) under the 2025 One Big Beautiful Bill Act, with rates from 18% to 40%.
Esther Salas
Esther Salas (born 1968), U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey since 2011 and its first Hispanic woman judge; previously first Hispanic magistrate judge there; advocate for the Daniel Anderl Judicial Security and Privacy Act after her son's 2020 murder.
Estonian Constitution of 1920
The Estonian Constitution of 1920 (Eesti Vabariigi põhiseadus) was the first constitution of independent Estonia, adopted in 1920 and establishing a democratic parliamentary republic with a 100-member Riigikogu.
Estoppel
Estoppel is an equitable doctrine barring a party from contradicting prior statements, conduct, or established facts. Covers promissory, proprietary, judicial, and issue estoppel, with divergent shield-versus-sword rules in England, Australia, and the United States.
Ethiopia–Eritrea Boundary Commission
The Ethiopia–Eritrea Boundary Commission, known as the EEBC, was a five-member arbitral panel created by the 2000 Algiers Agreement that delimited the countries' border in 2002.
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the forced removal of a population from a territory on ethnic, religious, or group grounds. Not an independent crime under international law; prosecuted as deportation, forcible transfer, or persecution, and distinct from genocide absent intent to destroy.
Etta Place
Etta Place (fl. 1896–1905) was the lover, possibly wife, of outlaw Harry Longabaugh, the Sundance Kid, and an associate of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch; her real name and fate remain unknown, with contested identifications including Ann Bassett.
EU AI Liability Directive
The EU AI Liability Directive (AILD) was a proposed EU directive, presented in 2022, that would have eased civil claims for AI-caused damage; it was withdrawn in 2025.
Eugen Weidmann
Eugen Weidmann (1908–1939), German-born criminal who killed six people near Paris in 1937 with accomplices including Roger Million; guillotined at Versailles 17 June 1939, the last public execution in France.
Eugene E. Siler, Jr.
Eugene E. Siler, Jr. (born 1936) is an American jurist, a senior judge of the Sixth Circuit appointed by President George H.W. Bush in 1991.
Eugene Palmer (fugitive)
Eugene Kenneth Palmer (born April 4, 1939) is an American fugitive wanted for the 2012 murder of his daughter-in-law Tammy Palmer in Stony Point, New York; the oldest person ever on the FBI Ten Most Wanted list (added 2019, removed 2022), still at large.
Eulenburg affair
The Eulenburg affair (Harden-Eulenburg affair), 1906-1909: journalist Maximilian Harden accused Kaiser Wilhelm II's confidant Philipp zu Eulenburg and General Kuno von Moltke of homosexuality, triggering six trials, perjury proceedings, and Europe's first major homosexual scandal.
Eumi K. Lee
Eumi Kim Lee, born 1972, is an American jurist serving as a US district judge for the Northern District of California since 2024, appointed by President Biden.
Eunice C. Lee
Eunice C. Lee, also known as Eunice Cheryl Lee, is an American jurist serving as a Second Circuit federal appeals judge since 2021, appointed by President Biden.
Eunice Paiva
Eunice Paiva (Maria Lucrécia Eunice Facciolla Paiva, 1929–2018) was a Brazilian lawyer and human rights activist, widow of disappeared deputy Rubens Paiva, who specialized in Indigenous law, shaped the 1988 Constitution's Indigenous chapter, and obtained his 1996 death certificate.
European Arrest Warrant
European Arrest Warrant (EAW): EU judicial surrender instrument under Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA (13 June 2002), replacing extradition between Member States on mutual recognition, with 10/60-day deadlines, 32 offence categories without double criminality, and CJEU case law on rights.
European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law
European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law (ECTIL), Europäisches Zentrum für Schadenersatz- und Versicherungsrecht, a non-profit research association founded 1999 in Vienna; institutional home of the European Group on Tort Law and its Principles of European Tort Law.
European civil code
European civil code: proposed unified EU private-law codification, also pursued via the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) and the withdrawn Common European Sales Law; never enacted for lack of EU legislative competence.
European Communities
European Communities: collective name for the ECSC, EEC, and Euratom, three supranational organizations founded by six states (1951-1958), merged institutionally in 1967, and dissolved into the European Union by the 2009 Lisbon Treaty.
European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
ECPT (ETS No. 126), a 1987 Council of Europe treaty in force since 1 February 1989, establishes the CPT, which makes periodic and ad hoc visits to all places of detention in its 46 member-state parties.
European Convention on Extradition
The European Convention on Extradition is a Council of Europe treaty, opened for signature in 1957 and in force since 1960, setting common extradition rules between its parties.
European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the 1950 Rome treaty of the Council of Europe, enforces civil and political rights across Europe through the Strasbourg European Court of Human Rights, binding its 46 member states.
European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters
European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (ETS No. 030), Strasbourg, 20 April 1959: Council of Europe treaty on cross-border judicial cooperation, letters rogatory, witness safe conduct; in force 1962, 50 states parties, three additional protocols.
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in Strasbourg, is the Council of Europe's court under the European Convention on Human Rights, hearing individual applications against its member states; reformed by Protocols 11, 14, 15, and 16, with judgments supervised by the Committee of Ministers.
European Court of Justice
European Court of Justice (ECJ), formally the Court of Justice, the highest EU court in Luxembourg within the CJEU: 27 judges, 11 advocates general, preliminary rulings binding national courts, infringement and annulment actions.