2,407 articles
Celtic League
Celtic League: pan-Celtic political and cultural association founded in 1961 at Rhosllannerchrugog, Wales, campaigning for the political, linguistic and cultural rights of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man; distinct from the non-political Celtic Congress; publishes Carn and holds UN NGO status.
Celts (modern)
Modern Celts are the peoples of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, Man, and Brittany, defined by Celtic languages and an identity built since Lhuyd's 1707 linguistic classification, Romantic Celticism, the Irish Revival, and Pan-Celticism.
Census
Census: the official periodic count of a country's population and housing, defined by individual enumeration, universality, simultaneity, and periodicity. Covers ancient origins, traditional, register-based, and combined methods, uses, coverage error, and privacy protection such as differential privacy.
Census in Australia
The Census in Australia, formally the Census of Population and Housing, is a compulsory five-yearly count of every person and household run by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Census in British India
Census in British India: the decennial colonial population counts from the non-synchronous 1872 census through the first synchronous 1881 census to the last in 1941, centered on religion and caste enumeration, Risley's anthropometry, and the Gait Circular.
Census of India (भारत की जनगणना)
Census of India (भारत की जनगणना), the decennial national population count run by the Registrar General under the Home Ministry since 1881 (first attempt 1872); Census 2027 is the first digital census with caste enumeration, after the 2021 round was postponed by COVID-19.
Centenarian
Centenarian: a person aged 100 or older; supercentenarian at 110+. Verified record Jeanne Calment, 122; UN estimated 451,000 centenarians in 2015; survival past 100 halves yearly; no proven lifespan cap.
Central American migrant caravans
Central American migrant caravans are large groups of migrants, mostly from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, who travel together through Mexico toward the United States border.
Chagossians
Chagossians: Indigenous people of the Chagos Archipelago (Ilois), removed 1965-1973 for the Diego Garcia base; diaspora of about 10,000 in Mauritius, UK, Seychelles; 2019 ICJ opinion, 2022 UK citizenship route, 2025 UK-Mauritius sovereignty treaty.
Chaitanya Raj Singh (चैतन्य राज सिंह)
Chaitanya Raj Singh (चैतन्य राज सिंह), 44th Maharawal of Jaisalmer since 2021 and head of the Bhati Rajputs; SOAS-educated social entrepreneur behind Everest Eco Hemp, the GYAAN Center, and the NCERT map correction.
Chakma people
The Chakmas are a Buddhist ethnic community of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, with populations in Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Myanmar; historically a kingdom, reduced to a Circle under British rule, affected by the 1947 partition award to Pakistan and the 1997 CHT Accord.
Chamar
Chamar (चमार) is a Dalit caste of northern India and the Nepal Terai, listed as a Scheduled Caste in statewise lists under India's Constitution. Distinct from unrelated namesakes, it is known for the Ad Dharm movement in Punjab and Chamar pride identity.
Chamorro people
Chamorro (CHamoru) people: indigenous people of Guam and the Mariana Islands, settled from Island Southeast Asia about 3,600 years ago, decimated under Spanish rule from 1668, now a U.S. territory population.
Chams
The Chams are an Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) people of the former kingdom of Champa in central and southern Vietnam, now living mainly in Vietnam and Cambodia, with Cham Islam, Cham Bani, and Cham Ahiér religious communities.
Chandler David Hendry
Chandler David Hendry (Chuck), 1999-2026, American LDS content creator and founder of the Restored Truth podcast; died August 7, 2026 as sole fatality of a three-vehicle crash in Lehi, Utah, hours after posting a video on the afterlife.
Chandra Bahadur Dangi (चन्द्र बहादुर डाँगी)
Chandra Bahadur Dangi (चन्द्र बहादुर डाँगी), Nepalese weaver (1939–2015), verified by Guinness World Records in 2012 as the shortest adult ever measured at 54.6 cm; met Sultan Kösen in 2014.
Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP, Chandraseniya Prabhu) is a caste of Maharashtra and Gujarat, a regional Kayastha sub-group of scribes and warriors, ritually high, with documented Shilahara-era history and disputed Chandrasen origin legends.
Chang and Eng Bunker
Chang and Eng Bunker, the Bunker brothers, were Thai-born conjoined twins whose touring exhibitions gave English the term Siamese twins; they died in North Carolina in 1874.
Charitable organization
Charitable organization: legally defined institution advancing public benefit (poverty relief, education, health, religion). UK Charities Act 2011 public-benefit test; US 501(c)(3) tax exemption; distinct from nonprofits, NGOs, foundations; over 7% of US workforce.
Charles F. Westoff
Charles F. Westoff is an American demographer, emeritus professor at Princeton University, known for his work on wanted and unwanted fertility and unmet need for family planning.
Charles Lwanga
Charles Lwanga (Kaloli Lwanga), Ugandan Catholic martyr and chief of the royal pages under King Mwanga II of Buganda, burned at Namugongo 3 June 1886; beatified 1920, canonized 1964 among the twenty-two Uganda Martyrs, patron of African youth.
Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby
Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby (1754–1787), 4th Duke of Rutland and Pitt's first Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1784–1787), friend and patron of William Pitt the younger; managed the failed 1785 commercial propositions, died in Dublin aged 33.
Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham
Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham, is an English journalist and author who wrote the three-volume authorized biography of Margaret Thatcher and became a non-affiliated peer in 2020.
Charles Ryu
Charles Ryu (Cheol Ryu, born 1994) is a North Korean defector who escaped twice as a teen, resettled in the US, and became a Westmont College developer and founder of the Freedom Bridge Foundation.
Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer
Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (born 1964), British historian, broadcaster, and younger brother of Diana, Princess of Wales; delivered her 1997 funeral eulogy, owns Althorp, and wrote A Very Private School and Swan Song.
Charlotte Augusta Haig
Charlotte Augusta Haig was an American heiress of the Astor family. After a divorce scandal in 1892, she married George Ogilvy Haig and lived in London and Paris.
Charlotte Kretschmann
Charlotte Kretschmann (Lotte, 1909-2024), German supercentenarian born in Breslau, died at 114 years 268 days in Kirchheim unter Teck; oldest person ever to have resided in Germany, validated by GRG, LongeviQuest, and ESO.
Chatham House Rule
Chatham House Rule: a meeting protocol from the 1927 London think tank allowing free use of information while barring attribution of speakers or participants; distinct from the Vegas Rule.
Chav
Chav: British pejorative for a young person stereotyped as low-class, brash, and flashily dressed in branded sportswear. Entered the OED mid-2000s, OUP's first Word of the Year; disputed Romani or charver etymology; regional equivalents include ned, scally, charver.
Chechens
Chechens (Nokhchiy), a Northeast Caucasian people of the North Caucasus speaking a Nakh language, with teip clan structure, Sufi Islamic tradition, the 1944 deportation to Central Asia, and the Chechen wars with Russia.