2,407 articles
Chitimacha
Chitimacha (Sitimaxa): federally recognized Louisiana tribe near Charenton, St. Mary Parish; language isolate revived from Swadesh recordings; ~1,300 members, 963 acres, river cane basketry.
Choctaw
The Choctaw (Chahta), a Muskogean-speaking people of Mississippi and nearby states, were the first tribe removed under the 1830 Indian Removal Act via the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek; today the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and Mississippi Band remain federally recognized.
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, headquartered in Durant, is the third-largest federally recognized U.S. tribe with over 230,000 citizens, a 10,864-square-mile southeastern Oklahoma reservation, a three-branch government under its 1984 constitution, and a $4.1 billion 2023 economic impact.
Chokwe people
The Chokwe, also spelled Tshokwe or Cokwe, are a matrilineal Bantu-speaking people of northeastern Angola, the DR Congo, and northwestern Zambia who overthrew the Lunda Empire in the late 1800s.
Cholo
Cholo (feminine chola): a Spanish-American social and ethnic category. In colonial Peru and Bolivia it named mixed-descent people; in 20th-century Andean societies an urbanized Indigenous-background group (cholificación); in the US a Chicano street subculture.
Cholo (subculture)
Cholo (feminine chola) is a Mexican American subculture from Southern California barrio gangs, descended from 1930s-1950s pachuco zoot-suiters, marked by distinct dress, tattoos, lowriders, caló-influenced speech, and values of loyalty and territory; distinct from the Andean chola caste meaning.
Chongryon
Chongryon (재일본조선인총련합회), the pro-North Korean General Association of Korean Residents in Japan, founded May 1955; runs ethnic schools, Korea University, and Choson Sinbo; distinct from South Korea-aligned Mindan.
Chowdhury
Chowdhury (Bengali: চৌধুরী), also spelled Choudhury or Chaudhary, is a South Asian title-turned-surname meaning headman or holder of four, borne by Hindus and Muslims, most common in Bangladesh where it ranks 11th.
Christian population growth
Christian population growth tracks the change in the world's largest religious group. It reached 2.3 billion by 2020, though its share of the global population fell to 29%.
Chukchi people
Chukchi (Luoravetlan), an indigenous people of the Chukotka Peninsula in northeastern Siberia, traditionally reindeer herders inland and marine mammal hunters on the coast; about 16,000 people speaking a Paleo-Asiatic language with gender-specific pronunciation.
Chumash people
Chumash: Indigenous people of California's central and southern coast and northern Channel Islands, from Malibu to Paso Robles. Known for the tomol plank canoe, shell bead money, the 1824 revolt, and the federally recognized Santa Ynez Band.
Chuvash people
Chuvash (чăваш): Turkic people of the middle Volga, Russia, about 1.5 million in 2010, half in Chuvashia. Their language is the only surviving Bulgharic (Oghuric) Turkic language; mostly Orthodox Christian, descended from Volga Bulgar groups.
Cindy Pritzker
Cindy Pritzker (Marian "Cindy" Friend Pritzker, 1923–2025), Chicago civic leader and philanthropist, aunt of Gov. JB Pritzker: led the Chicago Public Library Board 1989–1998, founded the Chicago Public Library Foundation (1986), and co-founded the Pritzker Architecture Prize (1979) with husband Jay Pritzker.
Circassians
The Circassians, known in their own language as Adyghe, are a largely Muslim Northwest Caucasus people, most of whom now live in exile, above all in Turkey.
Civic engagement
Civic engagement, also called citizen participation, is participation in community and political life to improve conditions or shape policy; measured through behaviors like voting and volunteering and attitudes, with OECD-defined policy levels and U.S. CEV tracking.
Clan Campbell
Clan Campbell (Clann Chaimbeul), a Scottish Highland clan of Argyll whose chief is the Duke of Argyll (Mac Cailein Mòr); rose under Robert the Bruce, became Earls of Argyll in 1457, and is linked to the 1692 Glencoe massacre.
Clan Donald
Clan Donald (MacDonalds, Clann Dòmhnaill), Scotland's largest Highland clan, descended from Donald of Islay, grandson-line of Somerled; produced the Lords of the Isles (1336-1493) with branches Sleat, Clanranald, Glengarry, Keppoch, Glencoe.
Clan Douglas
Clan Douglas (Dubhghlas) is a powerful Scottish Lowland clan from Douglas Water, Lanarkshire, first recorded c. 1175-1199. Its Black (Earls of Douglas) and Red (Earls of Angus) branches differ in Y-DNA; the chiefship is dormant, with no chief recognized by the Lord Lyon.
Clan Fraser of Lovat
Clan Fraser of Lovat, a Gaelic Highland clan (MacShimidh) centred on Beauly, Inverness-shire, descending from Sir Simon Fraser; chiefs as Lords Lovat from about 1460, seat Beaufort Castle, motto Je Suis Prest.
Clan Gregor
Clan Gregor (Clan MacGregor, Mac Griogair), an ancient Highland Scottish clan of the Siol Alpin, motto 'S Rioghal mo Dhream; proscribed by James VI in 1603, restored 1774, famous for Rob Roy.
Clan Kerr
Clan Kerr, a Scottish Border riding clan of Roxburghshire with Ferniehirst and Cessford branches, motto Sero sed serio, chief the Marquess of Lothian, famed for the Scott feud and Culloden service.
Clan Leslie
Clan Leslie, a Lowland Scottish clan of Aberdeenshire, the Garioch and Fife; motto Grip Fast, three buckles arms; chiefs tied to Earls of Rothes; founder tradition Bartolf, Hungarian noble of 1067; notable member Alexander Leslie, Earl of Leven.
Clan Mackenzie
Clan Mackenzie (Clann Choinnich), a powerful Scottish Highland clan of Kintail and Ross, motto Cuidich 'n Righ; chiefs became Earls of Seaforth (1623) and Cromartie (1703); last Seaforth chief died 1815.
Clan MacLeod
Clan MacLeod, in Gaelic Clann Leóid, is a Scottish Highland clan of the Hebrides named for Leod, a Norse-Gael born about 1215, whose chiefs have held Dunvegan Castle on Skye for over 750 years.
Clan Stewart
Clan Stewart (Gaelic Stiubbard), Scottish clan of the High Stewards of Scotland, Breton-Norman origin under David I; royal house from Robert II (1371) to Queen Anne (1714), with Highland branches Appin, Atholl, and Balquhidder.
Clans of Baganda
Clans of Baganda (ebika bya Buganda): the over fifty patrilineal, exogamous totemic clans of Uganda's Buganda kingdom, tracing origins to Kintu, Kimera, Ssese, and Buddu migrations, each led by a mukulu w'ekika.
Clara Vegas
Clara Vegas (Clara Federica Vegas Goetz, born 2002 in Chacao) is a Venezuelan beauty queen, actress, and model, Miss Venezuela 2025 and daughter of Miss Venezuela 1990 Andreína Goetz; she represents Venezuela at Miss Universe 2026 in Puerto Rico.
Class: A Guide Through the American Status System
Class: A Guide Through the American Status System is Paul Fussell's 1983 Summit Books bestseller describing nine American status castes, taste-based class indicators, category X, and prole drift; distinct from Jilly Cooper's 1979 Class.
Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom
Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom: self-identified ethnic group categories used in UK censuses and official statistics since 1991, with 18 categories in England and Wales, 19 in Scotland, 16 in Northern Ireland, and five high-level groups.
Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, also called classification of Native Americans, is how states and censuses define and count Indigenous populations across the Americas.