2,407 articles
Clique
Clique: a small, exclusive friendship-based peer group, typically 2 to 12 members, most with five to six; distinct from reputation-based crowds, common in adolescence, and more influential than the classroom on academic self-concept.
Cochin Jews
Cochin Jews (Cochini, Kerala Jews): ancient Jewish community of the Malabar coast, India, documented from 974-1020 CE copper plates, divided into White (Paradesi), Black (Malabari), and Meshuchrarim groups, which emigrated almost entirely to Israel in the 1950s.
Coeur d'Alene people
Coeur d'Alene people, also called Schitsu'umsh ("Those who were found here"), a Salish-speaking federally recognized tribe of north Idaho with a 1873-established reservation at Plummer, about 2,190 members, and a $330 million annual economic footprint.
Coffin
Coffin: a container for a dead body, from Greek kophinos "basket"; tapered six-sided form, distinct from the rectangular North American casket, used from ancient Egypt to modern burial and cremation worldwide.
Cofradías de indios
Cofradías de indios were lay Catholic brotherhoods for indigenous people in colonial Spanish America, founded from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century and combining worship, mutual aid, and festivals.
Collagua
The Collagua were an Aymara-speaking people of Peru's Colca Valley, the wealthier of two pre-Inca chiefdoms there, known for elongated head shaping and claimed descent from the volcano Collaguata.
Colombian migration to Venezuela
Colombian migration to Venezuela is the sustained movement of people from Colombia to Venezuela, which ran from the 1950s into the 1990s and peaked during the 1970s oil boom.
Colonia Dignidad
Colonia Dignidad, now Villa Baviera, was a German sect colony founded by Paul Schäfer near Parral, Chile, in 1961; a site of child abuse, forced labor, and Pinochet-era detention and torture, now contested over expropriation and a memorial.
Color terminology for race
Color terminology for race covers labels like white, black, colored, mulatto, and people of color. It traces skin color as the West's primary racial classifier, shifting US census and legal usages, and current debate over people of color.
Colored
Colored is a historical U.S. racial term for non-white people, especially Black Americans; used in census categories from 1820 and in the NAACP name, replaced by Black, Negro, and African American.
Coloureds
Coloureds (Bruinmense, Kleurlinge) are a multiracial population group in South Africa, emerging in the late nineteenth century at the Cape and formalized by the 1950 Population Registration Act.
Colville Indian Reservation
Colville Indian Reservation: north-central Washington reservation created by executive orders of April 9 and July 2, 1872 under President Grant; home of the twelve-band Confederated Tribes, 1.4 million acres, enrollment 9,045, halved by the 1892 North Half cession.
Comanche
The Comanche (Nʉmʉnʉʉ, The People) are a Southern Plains Native American nation of Shoshone origin, famed as horse-mounted bison hunters and the dominant power of Comanchería, now the Comanche Nation of Lawton, Oklahoma, with about 17,000 enrolled members.
Comic Relief
Comic Relief (registered as Charity Projects) is a British charity founded in 1985 that raises funds through comedy, chiefly its Red Nose Day telethon, and distributes grants to fight poverty in the UK and worldwide.
Commons
Commons are shared resources, from medieval pastures to forests, fisheries, urban spaces, and open data, governed by user communities through institutional arrangements; Elinor Ostrom's eight design principles and 2009 Nobel Prize anchor the field.
Community
Community (sociology): a group sharing activities, experiences, and belonging, from Tönnies's Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft dichotomy to place-, interest-, and practice-based types and today's online communities.
Community development
Community development is a practice-based profession and academic discipline that promotes participative democracy, sustainable development, and social justice by organizing, educating, and empowering communities; its roots reach back over a century.
Community mapping
Community mapping is a participatory research method in which community members collaboratively create maps of local assets, resources, and issues, used in public health, land-use planning, and disaster risk work.
Community of practice
A community of practice (CoP) is a group whose members share a concern, set of problems, or passion, and deepen their knowledge through regular interaction, a concept developed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger.
Community organization
Community organization builds collective power among residents and institutions so ordinary people can act on shared problems; it began with Saul Alinsky's Back of the Yards council in Chicago and now spans health, coalitions, and digital organizing.
Community Resources
Community resources: the financial, material, and human assets of a community (MeSH D000091444) that can improve quality of life; central to asset-based development, needs and assets assessment, and resource mapping.
Concentric zone model
Concentric zone model, or Burgess model, is Ernest Burgess's 1925 Chicago School model of urban growth as five rings radiating from a central business district, from the transition zone to the commuter zone, later challenged by Hoyt's sector and Harris–Ullman multiple nuclei models.
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT, Séliš, Ql̓ispé, Ksanka) unite three tribes on Montana's Flathead Reservation under the 1855 Hellgate Treaty, governed by a ten-member council with a 2015 water rights compact.
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
The Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador, CONAIE, is Ecuador's national umbrella organization of indigenous peoples, founded in 1986 and known for the 1990 indigenous uprising.
Conrad Hilton Jr.
Conrad Nicholson "Nicky" Hilton Jr. (1926-1969), American socialite, hotel heir, and Hilton international division manager; oldest son of founder Conrad Hilton and first husband of Elizabeth Taylor.
Constitution Day (Norway)
Constitution Day (Norway), also Syttende Mai, Nasjonaldagen, or Grunnlovsdagen, is Norway's national day on 17 May, marking the 1814 Eidsvoll Constitution, celebrated with children's parades, bunads, and flags rather than military displays.
Controversial Reddit communities
Controversial Reddit communities (controversial subreddits) are forums sanctioned or criticized for hateful or hostile content; Reddit uses quarantines and bans, notably against r/The_Donald, r/Incels, and r/fatpeoplehate, with mixed measured effects.
Coolie
Coolie: historical term for unskilled Asian laborers, especially Indian and Chinese indentured workers in colonial plantations; from Tamil kuli (wages); now widely a racial slur.
Coonass
Coonass (coon-ass) is a slang epithet for a Cajun, used chiefly in Louisiana and southeast Texas; offensive to some, a reclaimed badge of pride to others, with disputed etymology and contested legal status.
Copts (أقباط)
Copts (أقباط, Aqbat) are Egypt's native Christians, chiefly of the Coptic Orthodox Church, about 10 percent of the population and the largest Christian minority in the Middle East, tracing their church to Mark in Alexandria and the 451 Chalcedon schism.