2,407 articles
Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt
Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt (1900-1976), American heiress, only child of George and Edith Vanderbilt, inherited Biltmore Estate, opened Biltmore House to the public in 1930, later lived anonymously in England as Mary Goodsir.
Cornish people
Cornish people: the population of Cornwall, England, and those identifying as Cornish; 117,350 identified in Census 2021, recognized as a UK national minority in 2014, with a revived Cornish language.
Cossacks
Cossacks (kozak, kazak) were self-governing armed steppe communities of the Russia-Poland-Tatar borderlands, later a hereditary military estate of the Russian Empire, revived today as registered state-service hosts in Russia and as a symbol of Ukrainian statehood.
CouchSurfing
Couchsurfing is a hospitality exchange and social travel platform founded in 2004, with 25 million members in 200,000+ cities, a paid membership since 2020, and free-stay, no-commercial-use rules; alternatives include BeWelcome, Trustroots, and Couchers.
Coya
Coya, also spelled qoya (Quechua quya), was the title of the queen of the Inca Empire, the legitimate and principal wife of the emperor, the Sapa Inca.
Creamy layer
Creamy layer: socially and economically advanced members of India's Other Backward Classes, excluded from OBC reservation under the 1992 Indra Sawhney judgment and the DoPT Office Memorandum of 8 September 1993; income limit now Rs 8 lakh per annum.
Cree
Cree, a group of Indigenous First Nations peoples in Canada (Eeyou Istchee in James Bay); speakers of Cree languages, the most commonly spoken First Nations languages in Canada; party to numbered treaties including Treaties 4, 5, and 6.
Creole peoples
Creole peoples (Créoles) are groups to whom the term Creole refers: originally people of European or African descent born in the West Indies or Spanish or French America.
Crimean Karaites
Crimean Karaites: a Turkic-speaking Karaite Jewish community of Crimea, first recorded in 1278, legally separated from Rabbanite Jews under Russian rule (1795, 1863); Khazar-origin theory rejected by scholarship; small population today.
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars (Qırımlı), a Turkic Muslim people indigenous to Crimea; khanate annexed by Russia 1783, deported by Stalin in 1944, returned after 1989, repressed under Russian occupation since 2014.
Criollo people
Criollo people: American-born Spaniards in colonial Spanish America, also called creoles, distinct from peninsulars; legally equal but excluded from high office, they led the independence movements.
Croatan
Croatan (Croatoan): Carolina Algonquian people of Hatteras Island, their principal town whose name was carved at the abandoned Roanoke colony in 1590, and the 1885–1953 designation of today's Lumbee Tribe.
Croats
Croats (Hrvati) are a South Slavic ethnic group and the majority nation of Croatia, where they made up 91.63% of the population in 2021, with large communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and abroad.
Crow people
The Crow people (Apsáalooke, children of the large-beaked bird) are a Siouan-speaking Northern Plains nation, a Hidatsa offshoot on the Yellowstone River, whose Montana reservation of about 2.3 million acres is the state's largest.
Cub Scouts (Scouting America)
Cub Scouts is Scouting America's program for boys and girls in grades K-5, organized into dens meeting 2-3 times monthly; launched 1930, open to girls since 2018, revised June 1, 2024.
Cuban Americans
Cuban Americans: Americans of Cuban origin, 2.9 million in 2024, concentrated in Florida. Distinctive Cuban Adjustment Act (1966) path to residency, four migration waves since 1959, and a Republican-leaning political profile centered in Miami-Dade.
Cuban diaspora
The Cuban diaspora is the population of Cubans and people of Cuban ancestry living outside Cuba, mostly in Florida, built by successive exile waves since 1868.
Cuban exodus
The Cuban exodus is the sustained emigration of Cubans since the 1959 revolution, primarily to the United States, with the wave since 2021 the largest.
Cuban migration to the United States
Cuban migration to the United States is the movement of Cubans to the U.S. since the 1959 Cuban Revolution, one of the largest refugee flows in the Western Hemisphere.
Cuban–American migration accords
The Cuban–American migration accords are US–Cuba agreements signed in 1984, 1994, and 1995, committing the United States to admit at least 20,000 Cuban migrants yearly.
Cubans
Cubans, also called the Cuban people, are the inhabitants of Cuba, a multiracial Caribbean nation of mainly Spanish and African origin with a large diaspora.
Cudjoe
Cudjoe, also rendered Cudjo or Codjoe, from the Akan day name Kojo, led the Leeward Maroons of western Jamaica in guerrilla war before signing a 1739 peace treaty with the British that recognized their autonomy.
Cultural assimilation
Cultural assimilation: the process by which a minority group's language, norms, networks, and identity shift toward a dominant group. Distinct from integration and acculturation; spans Park's race relations cycle, Gordon's dimensions, and modern immigrant research.
Cultural assimilation of Native Americans
Cultural assimilation of Native Americans: US federal policy via the 1887 Dawes Act land allotment and boarding schools from Carlisle (1879), reversed by ICWA 1978 and Native American Languages Act 1990.
Cultural globalization
Cultural globalization, also called the globalization of culture, is the worldwide intensification of cross-border cultural flows in media, arts, and language. Key debates: homogenization, hybridization, cultural imperialism, glocalization; trade in cultural goods reached US$254 billion by 2023.
Cultural mapping
Cultural mapping is a participatory qualitative method for collecting and recording a community's cultural resources, networks, and patterns of usage, usually to inform planning, policy, or heritage work.
Culture
Culture: the beliefs, values, practices, and artifacts of a group, transmitted by social learning rather than genes. Also called enculturation; studied via cultural relativism (Boas, Benedict) and evolutionary models; over 150 definitions exist.
Culture of Japan
Culture of Japan: heritage institutions, World Heritage and intangible heritage, UNESCO cooperation, and the Nihonjinron uniqueness discourse. 27 World Heritage sites, 23 ICH elements, 1950 cultural properties law.
Cumans
Cumans: Turkic nomads of the Eurasian steppe (11th–13th centuries), also called Kipchaks, Polovtsians, or Qipčaq; stateless confederacy of khan-led groups from the Danube to the Irtysh, defeated by the Mongols in 1241.
Cybernetic Culture Research Unit
Cybernetic Culture Research Unit (CCRU): experimental collective founded 1995 at Warwick University's philosophy department by Nick Land and Sadie Plant; coined hyperstition, fictions that make themselves real; dissolved circa 2003; fed accelerationism and theory-fiction.