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Social life and human behavior

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Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century

TIME 100: The Most Important People of the Century was TIME magazine's 1998-1999 project profiling 100 influential 20th-century figures in five categories, culminating in naming Albert Einstein Person of the Century on December 31, 1999.

Time perception

Time perception: the study of how humans and animals experience duration, order, and simultaneity without a sense organ for time; pacemaker-accumulator models, cortico-basal ganglia timing circuits, and malleability by attention, emotion, and stress.

Time Person of the Year

TIME Person of the Year, called Man of the Year until 1999, is TIME magazine's annual selection of the person, group, or concept most influencing the year's news, begun in 1927 with Charles Lindbergh, and not a merit award.

Time-traveler UFO hypothesis

The time-traveler UFO hypothesis, or chrononaut hypothesis, proposes UAP are craft flown by future humans traveling back in time, first systematized by Michael P. Masters in 2019; it relies on closed timelike curves and has never received government study or scientific endorsement.

Timeline of LGBT history

Timeline of LGBT history: from 1533 English sodomy law and colonial spread, through Henry Gerber's 1924 Society for Human Rights, the 1969 Stonewall Uprising and 1970 first Pride, to global decriminalization and 2020s countertrends.

Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom

Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom: criminalization of sex between men, the Wolfenden report, the Sexual Offences Act 1967, Section 28, the Gender Recognition Act 2004, same-sex marriage from 2014, and the 2026 draft Conversion Practices Bill.

Timeline of LGBT rights

The timeline of LGBT rights charts legal milestones from France's first decriminalization in 1791, through Denmark's first same-sex partnerships in 1989, to same-sex marriage in 32 countries by 2023.

Timeline of same-sex marriage

Timeline of same-sex marriage legalization worldwide: Netherlands first (April 1, 2001), followed by Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, through Thailand and Liechtenstein in 2025, with regional firsts and court-driven cases.

Timeline of transgender history

Timeline of transgender history: chronological record from early modern Europe through Hirschfeld's Berlin institute, Jorgensen, Stonewall, medical history, and 2024–2026 legal conflict.

Timeline of women's education

Timeline of women's education: from 1835 coeducational US colleges and 1848 Seneca Falls, through Title IX (1972) and the 1995 Beijing Declaration, to 2009 global school parity, women's tertiary majority, and the Afghan ban since 2021.

Timothy Leary

Timothy Francis Leary (1920-1996), American clinical psychologist and Harvard lecturer, ran the Harvard Psilocybin Project with Richard Alpert, was dismissed in 1963, and became LSD's most famous 1960s advocate.

Timothy Shriver

Timothy Shriver is an American educator and Chairman of Special Olympics International, founded by his mother Eunice Kennedy Shriver. He co-founded CASEL, founded UNITE.US, co-created the Dignity Index, and produced films including Amistad and Peanut Butter Falcon.

Timucua

The Timucua were Native American peoples of northeast and north central Florida and southern Georgia, among Florida's largest indigenous groups at European contact in the 1500s.

Tina Brown

Tina Brown, born Christina Hambley Brown in 1953, is a British-born journalist and magazine editor who revived Tatler, Vanity Fair, and The New Yorker before co-founding The Daily Beast.

Tina Onassis Niarchos

Tina Onassis Niarchos, born Athina Livanos, was a Greek shipping heiress who married Aristotle Onassis in 1946, divorced him in 1960 amid his affair with Maria Callas, then married his rival Stavros Niarchos; she died by suicide in 1974.

Tinder (app)

Tinder is a smartphone dating application, owned by Match Group. It launched in the United States in August 2012 and is available in over 190 countries.

Tinker

Tinker: an itinerant mender of pots, kettles, and pans, first recorded in Middle English; the word gave the verb 'to tinker', the Tinkertoy trademark, and an offensive label for Irish Travellers and Scottish Gypsy/Travellers.

Tinkerbell effect

Tinkerbell effect: an American English expression for things said to exist only because people believe in them, named after Tinker Bell in Barrie's Peter Pan; linked to self-fulfilling prophecy, placebo and bank-run economics, and a separate Durgin motion illusion.

Title IX

Title IX (Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act), 1972 US federal law barring sex discrimination in federally funded education; famous for athletics, sexual assault proceedings, and 2026 Supreme Court transgender sports rulings.

Tiv people

The Tiv are an ethnolinguistic people of Nigeria's Benue Valley, also historically called Munshi, speaking the Tivoid Tiv language; an acephalous patrilineal segmentary lineage society of about 5 million, largely subsistence farmers in Benue State.

Tlingit

The Tlingit (Lingít) are an Indigenous Northwest Coast people of southeast Alaska with matrilineal clans, a marine salmon economy, the potlatch, and the 1802 and 1804 battles of Sitka against Russia.

Toby Young

Toby Young (born 1963), Lord Young of Acton, is a British journalist and campaigner, son of Michael Young; founder of the Free Speech Union, co-founder of the West London Free School and the Modern Review.

Toda people

The Toda, or Todas, are a Dravidian-speaking pastoral community of India's Nilgiri plateau, numbering roughly 1,600, known for buffalo-centered dairies that serve as temples and for pukhoor embroidery.

Toddler

Toddler: a child roughly 12 to 36 months old who walks; age boundaries vary (2-3 years, 1-2 years). Marked by slowing physical growth, rapid cognitive, social, and language gains, CDC 75% milestones, and AAP screening at 9, 18, and 30 months.

Tokata Iron Eyes

Tokata (Tokatawin) Iron Eyes, later Gibson, is a Hunkpapa and Oglala Lakota Standing Rock Sioux youth climate activist who led the ReZpect Our Water campaign against the Dakota Access Pipeline at age 12 and later worked with Greta Thunberg.

Token economy

A token economy is a behavior-modification system in which target behaviors earn tokens, such as chips or points, later exchanged for rewards in psychiatric care, classrooms, and smartphone apps.

Tokenism

Tokenism is the superficial inclusion of small numbers of marginalized group members to create an appearance of diversity. Rooted in Rosabeth Moss Kanter's 1977 token theory (performance pressures, boundary heightening, role entrapment) and applied to DEI critiques.

Tokugawa clan (徳川氏)

The Tokugawa clan (徳川氏) is the Japanese samurai family founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu that produced the fifteen shoguns who ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868.

Tolstoy family

The Tolstoy family is a Russian noble family with ancestry to the fourteenth century, best known through Lev Tolstoy (1828-1910), his 48-year marriage to Sofia Tolstaya, their 13 children, and descendants maintaining Yasnaya Polyana.

Tom Green (polygamist)

Thomas Arthur Green (1948-2021), Utah independent Mormon fundamentalist polygamist, not an LDS Church member, lived with five wives and about 30 children at Greenhaven; convicted of bigamy in 2001 and child rape in 2002.