6,078 articles
Indigenous peoples of the Philippines
Indigenous peoples of the Philippines, also known as Indigenous Philippine tribes, are culturally distinct communities. They are recognized by the 1997 Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act.
Indo people
Indo people (Dutch Indo-Europeans, Indische Nederlanders) are people of mixed Dutch-European and Indonesian descent from the Dutch East Indies; most left for the Netherlands after decolonization (around 300,000 repatriants, 1946–1968), with smaller communities remaining in Indonesia.
Indo-Fijians
Indo-Fijians, Fiji citizens of South Asian descent, descend mainly from about 60,537 indentured Girmit labourers brought from India 1879-1916 aboard ships like the Leonidas; 37.5% of the 2017 population, Fiji Hindi-speaking, shaped by coups of 1987, 2000, and 2006.
Indo-Guyanese
Indo-Guyanese are Guyanese descended from Indian indentured laborers brought to British Guiana between 1838 and 1917; roughly 238,979 arrived, and they are Guyana's largest ethnic group, dominant in the PPP and concentrated in Hindu and Muslim communities.
Indo-Iranians
The Indo-Iranians are speakers of the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, and Nuristani branches of Indo-European, unified by shared innovations such as the ruki rule. Proto-Indo-Iranian split around 2000 BCE; Mittani records give the earliest attestation, and the homeland remains debated between steppe and Central Asian models.
Indo-Surinamese
Indo-Surinamese (Hindustani-Surinamese, Hindostanen): descendants of about 34,000 indentured laborers from British India who came to Suriname 1873-1916; largest ethnic group (27.4%, 2012), Sarnami-speaking, with a large Dutch diaspora.
Indoctrination
Indoctrination: teaching beliefs to be accepted uncritically. Contrasted with education fostering critical inquiry; in political science, a regime-led socialization process via schooling and media, measured across 160 countries.
Indonesians
Indonesians are the people of Indonesia, about 285.7 million in 2025, 55.65% on Java, with over 600 ethnic groups, roughly 700 regional languages, a Muslim majority, and Bahasa Indonesia as the unifying national language.
Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (South Africa)
The Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU) was a general trade union for black, Coloured, and Indian workers in South Africa, founded in Cape Town in 1919.
Industrial and organizational psychology
Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology; work and organizational psychology in Europe) applies psychological science to the workplace, spanning personnel selection, testing, training, motivation, and leadership, with milestones from Munsterberg's 1913 text and the Hawthorne Studies to APA Division 14.
Industrial society
Industrial society: a social organization based on mass production of commodities, emerging in Western Europe from the British Industrial Revolution (mid-18th to mid-19th century), powered by fossil fuels; contrasted with agrarian and postindustrial societies in sociology.
Industrial Society and Its Future
Industrial Society and Its Future, the 35,000-word Unabomber manifesto by Theodore Kaczynski (FC), published by the Washington Post in 1995, arguing industrial society cannot be reformed and must be destroyed.
Infatuation
Infatuation: intense passion toward a specific person in the early stages of romantic love, also called passionate love or limerence. Marked by intrusive thoughts, idealization, and exclusivity; from Latin infatuare, "make a fool of."
Inferiority complex
Inferiority complex: pervasive feeling of inadequacy from actual or imagined deficiency, introduced by Alfred Adler (organ inferiority, 1907). Not a DSM-5/ICD-11 diagnosis; measured by COMPIN; linked to depression, anxiety, suicidality; counterpart of the superiority complex.
Infidelity
Infidelity is secret emotional, sexual, or romantic behavior that breaks a relationship's agreed exclusivity; the sexual form in marriage is adultery, a leading cause of divorce and separation.
Influence of mass media
Influence of mass media (media effects): how newspapers, radio, TV, and digital media shape knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Covers the four-phase history, agenda setting, framing, cultivation, declining effect sizes, and political and health applications.
Information cascade
Information cascade: sequential decision making where people rationally copy predecessors' visible actions while ignoring their own private signals, blocking social learning. Introduced by Banerjee and Bikhchandani, Hirshleifer, Welch in 1992; explains fads, herding, and fragile mass behavior.
Information overload
Information overload is the state where information inputs exceed processing capacity. Term coined by Bertram Gross (1964), popularized by Toffler's Future Shock; causes, inverted-U effects, and coping strategies.
Information processing theory
Information processing theory (IPT), also called the information-processing or multistore model, is a cognitive framework describing learning as attention, encoding, storage, and retrieval of information, anchored by Atkinson and Shiffrin's 1968 three-stage memory model.
Information society
Information society: a society where information creation, distribution, and use dominate economic and cultural life; also called johoka or network society (Castells). Key facts: Webster's six definitions, Bell's post-industrialism roots, digital divide, WSIS 2003 vision.
Ingo Swann
Ingo Swann (1933–2013), American artist and psychic, central subject of SRI remote viewing research with Puthoff and Targ, developer of Coordinate Remote Viewing used in CIA/DIA programs SCANATE through Star Gate.
Ingrian Finns
Ingrian Finns (inkerinsuomalaiset, ингерманландцы), descendants of 17th-century Lutheran Finnish settlers in Ingria near St. Petersburg; distinct from Izhorians; deported under Stalin, partly repatriated to Finland 1990–2010.
Ingush people
Ingush (self-name Ghalghaj, гIалгIай), a Vainakh people of the North Caucasus closely related to the Chechens; mountain people who migrated to lowlands in the 16th-19th centuries, deported in 1944, now centered in the Republic of Ingushetia.
Innuendo
Innuendo, from Latin innuendo "giving a nod to," is an indirect, deniable hint, often sexual, or disparaging; also a legal pleading term and the psychological "innuendo effect" of negative inference from omission.
Insight
Insight, known in German as Aha-Erlebnis, is the sudden comprehension of a problem's solution without gradual progress, bringing a felt "aha" moment of surprise and pleasure.
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, Magnus Hirschfeld's 1919 Berlin institute, the world's first sexology research and clinic center; performed early gender-affirming surgeries, destroyed by Nazi students in May 1933.
Institution
Institution (social institution): enduring structures of rules, norms, and roles organizing behavior around needs like family, religion, education, government, and economy; distinguished from organizations and from informal conventions, norms, and rituals.
Institutional analysis and development framework
The institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework is a method for analyzing institutions, developed at Indiana University, that takes the action situation as its unit of analysis.
Institutional ethnography
Institutional ethnography is a qualitative method developed by Canadian sociologist Dorothy E. Smith in the 1970s and 1980s that studies how institutions shape people's everyday experiences.
Institutional racism
Institutional racism: racial discrimination embedded in institutional policies, practices, and procedures; coined by Carmichael and Hamilton in Black Power (1967); distinct from structural racism, which operates across institutions.