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International Order of the Rainbow for Girls
International Order of the Rainbow for Girls (IORG, Rainbow Girls), Masonic-linked fraternal youth order for girls founded April 6, 1922 in McAlester, Oklahoma by Rev. W. Mark Sexson; 850+ assemblies, seven rainbow-color lessons, headquarters in McAlester since 1951.
International Physical Activity Questionnaire
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a self-report survey measuring physical activity across work, transport, domestic, and leisure domains, developed for internationally comparable population studies.
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: global humanitarian network founded in Geneva in 1863 by Henry Dunant after Solferino; comprises the ICRC, the IFRC, and 191 National Societies, origin of the Geneva Conventions.
International Transgender Day of Visibility
International Transgender Day of Visibility (TDOV), held annually on March 31, was founded in 2009 by Rachel Crandall-Crocker of Transgender Michigan as a worldwide celebration of living transgender people, contrasting with the November 20 Transgender Day of Remembrance.
International Women's Day
International Women's Day, marked 8 March, arose from early-1900s labor and socialist women's movements, was proposed by Clara Zetkin in 1910, first held 1911, and tied to the 1917 Russian women's demonstrations; UN-recognized since 1977.
Internet addiction test
The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire measuring the severity of problematic internet use, developed by Kimberly Young in 1998 and the most widely used such screening instrument.
Interpersonal attraction
Interpersonal attraction is the positive affective or behavioral response one person has toward another, central to social psychology. Key determinants are similarity (Byrne's reinforcement-affect model), physical attractiveness, reciprocity, and mere exposure; speed-dating studies challenge similarity's role.
Interpersonal Reactivity Index
The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a 28-item self-report questionnaire measuring dispositional empathy, developed by Mark H. Davis in 1980 and widely used in psychology.
Interpersonal relationship
Interpersonal relationship: an association between people built from interdependent interactions, spanning family, friendship, romantic, and work ties; studied via attachment, interdependence, and social exchange theories, with measurable links to health and well-being.
Interpretative phenomenological analysis
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative research method, introduced by Jonathan A. Smith in the United Kingdom in 1996, that examines lived experience through in-depth interviews.
Interracial marriage
Interracial marriage, also called miscegenation, is marriage across racial or ethnic lines. Banned by U.S. anti-miscegenation laws until Loving v. Virginia (1967); intermarried newlyweds rose from 3% (1967) to 17% (2015).
Interracial marriage in the United States
Interracial marriage in the United States, also called intermarriage, is marriage across racial lines. Banned by state anti-miscegenation laws from 1664 onward, it was legalized nationwide by Loving v. Virginia (1967); approval reached 94% by 2021.
Intersectionality
Intersectionality, coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989, is an analytical framework from Black feminism examining how race, gender, class, and other social positions reciprocally construct inequality, now used across law, health research, and AI fairness.
Intersex
Intersex describes people born with sex characteristics, including chromosomes, gonads, hormones and genitals, that do not fit typical binary definitions of male or female bodies; also called variations in sex characteristics or DSD, with growing legal protections against non-consensual surgery.
Intersubjectivity
Intersubjectivity is the shared understanding or interchange of thoughts and feelings between two subjects, coined by Edmund Husserl as a critique of Descartes' problem of other minds.
Interview
A research interview is a planned, recorded conversation used as data in a study, following a guide of questions and requiring ethics review before data collection.
Intimate relationship
Intimate relationship: a close interpersonal bond built on mutual influence and sharing of personal, private experience, spanning romantic partners, close friendships, and family bonds; distinct from hookups, one-night stands, and merely interdependent pairs like guard and prisoner.
Introjection
Introjection: psychoanalytic concept coined by Sándor Ferenczi in 1909, the unconscious absorption of an external object's qualities into the psyche as an introject, opposite of projection, also used in self-determination theory.
Intuition
Intuition is a cognitive process that allows for quick, effortless decisions based on implicit learning and pattern recognition. Professionals like firefighters use it frequently in naturalistic decision-making.
Inuit
Inuit: the Indigenous Arctic people of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland (Inuk singular; Inuvialuit 'the real people'). Constitutionally recognized in Canada; 70,545 in Canada (2021) across Inuit Nunangat's four regions, with five modern treaties and the Inuktut language.
Inuit culture
Inuit culture: culture of the Inuit, an Indigenous Arctic people across Russia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, descended from the Thule, with Inuktut language, sharing practices, four Canadian regions (Inuit Nunangat), land claims, and climate pressures.
Iñupiat
The Iñupiat are Inuit people of northwest and northern Alaska speaking Iñupiaq (four dialects; about 13,500 people, 3,000 speakers), with over 2,000 years of bowhead whaling and post-1971 ANCSA institutions.
Inuvialuit
Inuvialuit, Inuit of Canada's western Arctic, settled the 1984 Inuvialuit Final Agreement, the first modern treaty north of 60 degrees; self-government talks since 1996 remain unconcluded.
Iowa gambling task
The Iowa gambling task is a neuropsychological decision-making test, introduced in 1994, in which players pick cards from four decks that reward short-term and long-term choices differently.
IPad kid
iPad kid is internet slang, popularized on TikTok in January 2021, for a Generation Alpha child dependent on an iPad or tablet, stereotyped with arched-back posture, loud video, and a raspy cough.
IQ test
An IQ test is a standardized psychometric assessment measuring human intelligence, scored with a mean of 100 and used in diagnosing intellectual disability and giftedness.
Iqbal Masih
Iqbal Masih (اقبال مسیح), 1983–1995, Pakistani Christian boy sold into bonded carpet-weaving at age 4, escaped via the BLLF, helped free thousands of child laborers, won the 1994 Reebok Human Rights Award, and was murdered at 12 in Muridke.
Iranian Americans
Iranian Americans (750,000 in 2024, Pew) are U.S. residents of Iranian birth, ancestry, race, or parentage, formed largely after the 1979 revolution, centered in California and Tehrangeles, Los Angeles, highly educated, 59% foreign-born.
Iranian Azerbaijanis
Iranian Azerbaijanis, also called Iranian Azeris, are the Turkic-speaking, predominantly Shiite population of northwestern Iran and the country's largest ethnic minority, estimated at 20 to 30 million.
Iranian diaspora
Iranian diaspora: people of Iranian origin living outside Iran, formed mainly by emigration since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, centered on the United States (about 750,000) and marked by diversity, stigma, and political division.