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Roman assemblies
The Roman assemblies were bodies of adult male citizens of the Roman Republic who, voting in blocks rather than as individuals, elected magistrates, passed laws, declared war, and sat as courts.
Roman Britain
Roman Britain (Britannia), AD 43 to about 410: the Roman province of Britain under Claudius's invasion, with Londinium as capital, Hadrian's Wall frontier, towns, villas, and economic growth, ending in a 5th-century collapse.
Roman Busargin
Roman Busargin is a Russian politician of the United Russia party serving as Governor of Saratov Oblast, elected in 2022, with a focus on investment and infrastructure.
Roman calendar
The Roman calendar is the pre-Julian timekeeping system of ancient Rome: a legendary 10-month Romulan year, Numa's 355-day lunar Republican calendar with Mercedonius intercalation, kalends-nones-ides day reckoning, and the 445-day year of confusion before the Julian reform of 45 BC.
Roman Catholic (term)
"Roman Catholic" is an English term for a Christian in communion with the bishop of Rome, first recorded in 1581 and rarely used in the Church's own documents.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa (Arquidiocese de Goa) is the Latin-rite Catholic metropolitan see at Goa on India's west coast, erected as a diocese in 1533.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, formerly the Apostolic Vicariate of Sydney, is the metropolitan archdiocese of Sydney, Australia, and the primatial see of the Australian Catholic Church.
Roman Catholic Church in Mexico
The Roman Catholic Church in Mexico (Iglesia Católica en México) is the national branch of the Catholic Church, established with the Spanish Conquest in the sixteenth century.
Roman censor
The Roman censor was a magistracy of the Roman Republic that conducted the census and regulated public morals. They also controlled the composition of the Senate.
Roman Charity
Roman Charity, also called Caritas Romana or Cimon and Pero, is the story of Pero breastfeeding her imprisoned father Cimon, leading his authorities to pardon him.
Roman Chekushov
Roman Chekushov is a Russian politician serving as State Secretary - Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade, appointed by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin after directing the ministry's foreign trade department.
Roman citizenship
Roman citizenship (civitas Romana), the privileged legal status of Roman law, held by a minority until Caracalla's Constitutio Antoniniana of 212 CE granted it to nearly all free inhabitants; paths included birth, imperial grants, manumission, and 25 years of military service.
Roman commerce
Roman commerce, also called Roman trade or Ancient Roman trade, was the long-distance exchange of goods across the Mediterranean world and beyond its frontiers, from the late Republic through late antiquity.
Roman conquest of Britain
Roman conquest of Britain: Claudius's AD 43 invasion under Aulus Plautius with about 40,000 troops, following Caesar's 55 and 54 BC expeditions; four decades of campaigning, Boudica's revolt, and the founding of Britannia.
Roman consul
Roman consul (consul, Greek hypatos): one of two annually elected chief magistrates of the Roman Republic holding imperium for civil and military command; top of the cursus honorum, eponym of the year, surviving as an honor until Justinian's 6th century.
Roman Curia
The Roman Curia, also known as the Curia Romana, is the body of institutions assisting the pope in governing the Catholic Church, reformed by Praedicate Evangelium in 2022.
Roman currency
Roman currency: the coinage system of the Roman Republic and Empire, built on the as, sestertius, denarius, and aureus, with provincial mints, gradual debasement, and the Diocletianic and Constantinian reforms culminating in the gold solidus.
Roman dictator
The Roman dictator (Dictātor) was an extraordinary magistrate of the Roman Republic, appointed by the Senate with supreme authority, traditionally for six months, later held by Sulla and Caesar.
Roman diplomacy and foreign embassies to Rome
Roman diplomacy and foreign embassies to Rome worked through ad hoc envoys, the legati, heard by the Senate until emperors took over receptions in the late first century BC.
Roman Dmowski
Roman Dmowski (1864 to 1939) was a Polish statesman, chief ideologue of National Democracy, and head of the Polish National Committee in Paris, signing the Treaty of Versailles for Poland in 1919.
Roman dodecahedron
Roman dodecahedron, or Gallo-Roman dodecahedron: a small hollow bronze object with 12 pentagonal faces, varying holes, and 20 knobs, found 2nd-4th century AD in northwestern Roman provinces; function unknown.
Roman emperor
Roman emperor: ruler of the Roman state from Augustus (27 BC), styled princeps and imperator, combining army command, provincial rule, and fiscal control; succession depended on army and Praetorian acclamation; western office ended in 476.
Roman festivals
Roman festivals, also called ancient Roman festivals, were the holy days of the Roman state and household, marked by sacrifices, feasts, and games on a priest-regulated calendar.
Roman Gofman (רומן גופמן)
Roman Gofman (רומן גופמן), born 1976 in Mazyr, Belarus, is an Israeli major general and 14th Mossad director since June 2026, formerly Netanyahu's military secretary, a 7th Brigade and 210th Division commander wounded fighting Hamas on October 7, 2023.
Roman infantry tactics
Roman infantry tactics: deployment, formation, and maneuvers of Roman infantry from the Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, evolving from a Greek-style phalanx to the manipular quincunx legion and the cohort-based Marian and Imperial legions.
Roman Inquisition
Roman Inquisition (Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition), papal tribunal founded by Paul III in 1542 to prosecute heresy and censor books; became the Holy Office, now the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Roman Jakobson (Рома́н О́сипович Якобсо́н)
Roman Jakobson (Роман Осипович Якобсон, 1896–1982), Russian-American linguist and literary theorist; co-founder of the Moscow, Prague, and New York linguistic circles; creator of the distinctive-feature theory of phonology and the six-function model of language including the poetic function.
Roman Kingdom
The Roman Kingdom (753–509 BCE), ruled by the seven traditional kings from Romulus to Tarquinius Superbus, ended when the Republic replaced elective monarchy with consuls and the rex sacrorum.
Roman Kondratenko
Roman Isidorovich Kondratenko (Роман Исидорович Кондратенко) was a Russian lieutenant general and military engineer who led Port Arthur's land defense until killed by a Japanese shell in 1904.
Roman law
Roman law: the legal system of ancient Rome from the Twelve Tables (c. 450 BC) to Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis (529–534), basis of continental civil law and a major influence on common law.