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Roman–Parthian War of 34–38
The Roman–Parthian War of 34–38 was a conflict over the Armenian throne between Parthian king Artabanus II and Rome, ending with a settlement on the Euphrates.
Roman–Parthian Wars
The Roman–Parthian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Roman Republic and Empire and the Parthian Empire, from Crassus's defeat at Carrhae in 53 BCE.
Roman–Persian Wars
The Roman–Persian Wars, also known as the Perso-Byzantine wars, were fought over seven centuries (92 BCE–628 CE) between Rome and the Parthian and Sasanian empires.
Romana Jerković
Romana Jerković, born in 1964, is a Croatian physician and Social Democratic politician serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2024 and Vice-Chair of its Public Health Committee.
Romana Tomc
Romana Tomc (born 1965 in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian politician of the Slovenian Democratic Party who has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2014 and is Vice-Chair of the EPP group.
Romance (love)
Romance (love) is the intense attraction to a specific preferred partner, studied scientifically as distinct from sex drive and attachment. Sources cover its neurochemistry, cross-cultural universality, measurement, and relationship outcomes.
Romance languages
Romance languages, also called the Latin group (罗曼语族), descend from Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. Key facts: over 1 billion speakers; major languages French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Catalan; first coherent text the Strasbourg Oaths of 842.
Romance scam
Romance scam, also called romance fraud or pig butchering when investment-based: fraud using a fake online identity to build a romantic relationship and extract money; emerged around 2007-2008, with advance-fee and crypto-investment variants.
Romanda Hombir
Romanda Hombir, South African clinical audiologist from Mpumalanga, Miss World South Africa 2026; finished Top 6 at Miss World 2026 in Vietnam and was crowned Miss World Africa 2026, South Africa's best placement since 2014 or 2017.
Romani Americans
Romani Americans, also called American Roma or American Gypsies, are US residents of Romani descent from groups such as the Vlax Kalderasha, Machwaya, and Romanichal; present since 1498, numbering roughly one million by Hancock's estimate, largely invisible to the census.
Romani language
Romani (Romanes, romani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Roma, originating in northern India and spread across Europe as many contact-shaped dialects, with no single standard and growing use in education and assessment.
Romani people
Romani people: an ethnic minority of Indian origin, largest in Europe (up to 10 million), speaking Romani, with subgroups Roma, Sinti, Kale; history of slavery, Nazi genocide, and ongoing antigypsyism.
Romani people in Romania
The Romani people in Romania, also called Romanian Roma, form the country's largest recognized national minority; the 2021 census counted 569,477, with real numbers estimated two to three times higher.
Romania in World War I
Romania in World War I covers the Kingdom of Romania's participation from 1916 to 1918, fighting for the Entente against Austria-Hungary, then rejoining the Allies in November 1918.
Romania in World War II
Romania in World War II: Kingdom of Romania as third-largest European Axis power 1941–44, Ploiești oil supplier, perpetrator in Transnistria, then King Michael's August 1944 switch to the Allies and Soviet-dominated postwar fate.
Romania's entry into World War I
Romania's entry into World War I came on 27 August 1916, when the Kingdom of Romania abandoned neutrality and declared war on Austria-Hungary as an Entente ally.
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Academia Română) is Romania's highest national body for science and culture, founded in Bucharest in 1866; it elects scholars and awards 75 prizes annually.
Romanian Air Force
Romanian Air Force (Forțele Aeriene Române), Romania's air warfare branch and NATO member since 2004; flies F-16s bought from Portugal and Norway, transitioning to F-35, flies Baltic air policing, and has downed Russian drones since 2026.
Romanian alphabet
The Romanian alphabet (Alfabetul limbii române) is the 31-letter Latin alphabet for Romanian, with five diacritic letters ă, â, î, ș, ț; it replaced the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet in 1860 and was reformed in 1993.
Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans, also called American Romanians (români americani), are US residents of Romanian ancestry or birth, numbering about 417,000 by 2020 Census ancestry reports, with major waves in 1895–1920 and after 1989.
Romanian anti-communist resistance movement
The Romanian anti-communist resistance movement was an armed, largely rural partisan struggle against Romania's communist regime, fought from 1944 to 1962 by groups holding out in the mountains.
Romanian Armed Forces
Romanian Armed Forces (Forțele Armate Române): Romania's military under the Ministry of National Defence, comprising Land, Naval, and Air Forces. NATO member since 2004, hosts HQ MND-SE, spends 2.5% of GDP on defense, modernizing with SAFE funds and counter-drone systems.
Romanian campaign (World War I)
The Romanian campaign of World War I, fought from August 1916 to January 1918, saw Romania join the Entente, be defeated, and sign a separate peace.
Romanian colonization of Dobruja
The Romanian colonization of Dobruja was the state-organized settlement of Romanians in Northern Dobruja from 1878 and in Southern Dobruja from 1913, ending with the 1940 Treaty of Craiova.
Romanian Communist Party
Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Român, PCR), founded 8 May 1921 from the Socialist Party's split, ruled Romania 1945–1989 under Gheorghiu-Dej and Ceaușescu, renamed Romanian Workers' Party 1948–1965, dissolved January 1990.
Romanian famine of 1946–1947
The Romanian famine of 1946–1947 was a mass famine occurring in Romania immediately after the Second World War, driven by war damage, drought, and the forced requisition of grain.
Romanian folktales
Romanian folktales (basme populare românești) are the traditional oral tales of the Romanian people, first systematically collected in the 19th century, with Petre Ispirescu's 1882 collection becoming the standard version.
Romanian Greek Catholic Church
The Romanian Greek Catholic Church, formally the Romanian Church United with Rome, is a Byzantine-rite Eastern Catholic church seated at Blaj, Romania, formed by union with Rome in 1700.
Romanian Land Forces
Romanian Land Forces (Forțele Terestre Române): the ~35,500-strong army branch of NATO member Romania with two division-level commands; legacy TR-85 tanks being replaced by Abrams M1A2 SEP v3 in a two-stage program, host of a French-led NATO Forward Land Forces battlegroup.
Romanian land reform of 1921
The Romanian land reform of 1921 was a set of agrarian laws, with compensation, that redistributed roughly a third of Romania's farmland to about 1.4 million smallholder peasants.