127,669 articles
Romanian language
Romanian (limba română), Eastern Romance language with about 24 million native speakers, descended from Latin in the Danubian provinces; official in Romania, written in a Latin alphabet with five diacritics, normed by the Romanian Academy.
Romanian leu
The Romanian leu, also known as the new leu, is the national currency of Romania, subdivided into 100 bani and issued by the National Bank of Romania.
Romanian name
Romanian personal names: a bipartite system of given name (prenume) plus invariable family name. Fixed hereditary surnames date to the 19th century; -escu is patronymic, -eanu locational; administrative change is governed by Law 119/1996 as amended by Law 105/2022.
Romanian National Party (Transylvania)
The Romanian National Party (Partidul Național Român, PNR), formed in 1881 from two Romanian parties, led Transylvania's Romanian national movement until the 1918 union with Romania.
Romanian occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
The Romanian occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the Kingdom of Romania's military control of these regions, from 1918 and again from 1941 until the Soviet reconquest in 1944.
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church, or Biserica Ortodoxă Română, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox patriarchate, recognized in 1885 and elevated in 1925, counting about 73% of Romanians as members.
Romanian revolution
The Romanian revolution, or Revoluția română, was a 1989 popular uprising that ended the communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceaușescu, bringing down the last communist government of Eastern Europe.
Romanian Social Democratic Party
The Romanian Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social-Democrat din România, PSD) was Romania's interwar social-democratic party, led by Constantin Titel Petrescu and absorbed by the Communist Party into the Romanian Workers' Party in 1948.
Romanian War of Independence
Romanian War of Independence (Războiul de Independență, 1877–1878): Romania's war alongside Russia against the Ottoman Empire, proclaimed 9 May 1877 and won at Plevna, Grivița, and Rahova, with independence recognized at the 1878 Congress of Berlin.
Romanians
Romanians (români), Romance-speaking people of Romania and Moldova; Latin-derived language from Roman Dacia (conquered 106 CE), Orthodox faith, and contested Moldovan identity (76% Moldovan vs 2-3% Romanian, 2004 census).
Romanichal
Romanichal are a Romani subgroup native to the British Isles, especially England, also called Romany Gypsies or English Gypsies; first recorded in Britain in 1505, speaking Angloromani, and legally recognised as a racial group since 1988.
Romanization
Romanization converts writing from non-Roman scripts into the Latin (Roman) script by transliteration or transcription. Also called romanisation, it spans UN, ISO, ALA-LC, BGN/PCGN and CLDR systems, differing in reversibility and informal use.
Romanization of Arabic
Romanization of Arabic converts Arabic script into Latin letters via transliteration or transcription. Competing standards include ISO 233, DIN 31635, ALA-LC, and the UN 2017 system; Arabizi is the informal chat alphabet.
Romanization of Greek
Romanization of Greek converts Greek-script text to the Latin alphabet by transliteration or transcription. Main systems: ELOT 743, UN 1987 resolution V/19, ISO 843:1997, BGN/PCGN, and ALA-LC, plus informal Greeklish.
Romanization of Japanese
Romanization of Japanese (ローマ字表記) writes Japanese in the Latin alphabet. Main systems: Hepburn (ヘボン式), Kunrei-shiki, Nihon-shiki. A December 22, 2025 Cabinet Notification replaced the 1954 Kunrei-based rule with a Hepburn-based spelling.
Romanization of Russian
Romanization of Russian converts Cyrillic text to the Latin alphabet. No single official system exists; standards include ISO 9:1995/GOST 7.79-2000 (2002), the UN 1987 system, BGN/PCGN 1947, ALA-LC 1997, passport rules, and informal translit.
Romano Prodi
Romano Prodi (born 1939) is an Italian economist and center-left politician, twice Prime Minister (1996–1998, 2006–2008) and 10th President of the European Commission (1999–2004), overseeing Italy's euro entry, euro launch, and EU enlargement to 25 members.
Romano-Carthaginian treaties
The Romano-Carthaginian treaties, also called the Carthage–Rome treaties, are agreements between Rome and Carthage concluded in 509/8, 348, and 279 BC, chiefly regulating trade and recorded by Polybius.
Romanov impostors
Romanov impostors were roughly 200 people who claimed after the 1918 execution of Nicholas II's family to be surviving Romanovs, chiefly Anna Anderson as Anastasia, exposed by DNA as Franziska Schanzkowska.
Romansh language
Romansh (rumantsch), Switzerland's fourth national language since 1938, is a Romance language of Graubünden with five idioms and the 1982 standard Rumantsch Grischun; semi-official federally, about 40,000 main-language speakers.
Romantic friendship
Romantic friendship: historically documented same-sex bonds, passionate, intense, and sometimes sexual, common in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe and America; related to the Boston marriage and debated against lesbian identity categories.
Romantic love (mental state)
Romantic love, also called passionate love, is a mental state of intense longing for union with a preferred partner. It is near-universal, dopamine-driven, measured by the Passionate Love Scale, and contrasts with calmer companionate love.
Romantic nationalism
Romantic nationalism, also called organic nationalism, exalts the nation as inspiration for art and uses that art to awaken political awareness, shaping Europe between 1800 and 1850.
Romantic orientation
Romantic orientation: enduring pattern of romantic attraction by partner gender, distinct from sexual orientation. Includes aromantic, biromantic, heteroromantic, panromantic labels; heavily documented in asexual and aromantic-spectrum community research.
Romanus (pope)
Romanus, the 114th pope, born at Gallese near Civita Castellana, held the see from July or August to November 897, amid disorder after the Cadaver Synod.
Romboid
Romboid is a Slovak literary magazine published in Bratislava since 1966, named after a poetry collection by Laco Novomeský and appearing six times a year.
Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations
Rome Convention (1961), formally the International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations: WIPO/ILO/UNESCO treaty on neighbouring rights, adopted October 26, 1961, in force May 18, 1964, 100 parties.
Rome General Peace Accords
The Rome General Peace Accords, formally the General Peace Agreement (GPA) for Mozambique, is the treaty signed in Rome on 4 October 1992 that ended the Mozambican Civil War.
Rome I Regulation
The Rome I Regulation is an EU regulation that determines which national law governs contracts with an international element, replacing the 1980 Rome Convention from December 2009.
Rome Statute
The Rome Statute, adopted in Rome in 1998, created the International Criminal Court, the first permanent international criminal court, effective in 2002 with 125 states parties.