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Aragonese language
Aragonese (aragonés), a Romance language of the central Pyrenees in northern Aragon, Spain, endangered, with roughly 10,000–25,000 speakers, four dialect groups, recognition under Law 3/2013, and an official orthography adopted in 2023.
Aragonese–Hafsid relations
The Aragonese–Hafsid relations were the diplomatic and commercial ties between the Crown of Aragon and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century.
Araguaia guerrilla
The Araguaia guerrilla (Guerrilha do Araguaia, 1972–1974) was an armed conflict in Brazil's Amazon in which Communist Party of Brazil fighters confronted the military dictatorship.
Arahanta
Arahanta (अरहन्त), also called Dhammadassi, was an eleventh-century Theravada monk at the Bagan kingdom in Upper Burma, traditionally credited with converting King Anawrahta to purified Buddhism around 1056.
Arai Hakuseki
Arai Hakuseki (新井白石) was a Japanese Confucian scholar and statesman, 1657 to 1725, who advised shoguns Ienobu and Ietsugu and shaped the Shotoku reforms of currency, trade, and diplomacy.
Arain
Arain (آرائین), also Raeen or Rayeen, a large predominantly Muslim agricultural caste and biradari of the Punjab in Pakistan and India; about 1.1 million in the 1921 census, classified colonial 'agriculturalists', largely resettled in Pakistani Punjab after 1947.
Araka
Araka (अरक) is a brahmin teacher of the distant past in the Pali Buddhist tradition, remembered for teaching the four brahmaviharas; the Jataka identifies him as the Bodhisatta.
Arakan Army
Arakan Army (AA), Rakhine insurgent group founded April 2009 by Twan Mrat Naing with KIA backing; armed wing of the United League of Arakan and Three Brotherhood Alliance member controlling most of Rakhine State since 2023.
Arakel of Tabriz
Arakel of Tabriz, also Arakel Davrizhetsi, was an Armenian historian and vardapet, born at Tabriz in the 1590s, whose History is a principal source for 17th-century Armenia.
Araki Murashige
Araki Murashige (荒木村重) was a Sengoku-period Japanese warlord who governed Settsu Province under Oda Nobunaga, then rebelled against him in 1578 and held Arioka Castle for about a year.
Arakkal Kingdom
The Arakkal Kingdom (അറക്കൽ), also called the Arakkal Swaroopam, was the only Muslim royal house of Kerala, based at Cannanore and holding the Laccadive Islands until the 1790s.
Aram Manukian
Aram Manukian (Արամ Մանուկյան, born Sargis Hovhannisian) was an Armenian revolutionary and statesman who led the 1915 defense of Van and helped found the First Republic of Armenia.
Aram Rehob
Aram Rehob, also called Beth-Rehob or Bit Rehob, was a small Aramean state of the 10th and 9th centuries BC near Dan, remembered as an ally of Aram-Zobah against David.
Aram Shah
Aram Shah (ارام شاہ) was a ruler of the early Delhi Sultanate who succeeded Qutb al-Din Aibak at Lahore and lost the throne to Iltutmish in 1211.
Aram-Damascus
Aram-Damascus, also known as the Aramean kingdom of Damascus, was an Aramean kingdom centered on Damascus, the principal Aramean state of the 9th and 8th centuries BC.
Aramaic (ܐܪܡܝܐ)
Aramaic (ܐܪܡܝܐ) is a Northwest Semitic language related to Hebrew and Arabic, first attested in the ninth century BCE, adopted as the Achaemenid empire's official language, and still spoken today.
Aramaic alphabet
The Aramaic alphabet is a 22-letter consonantal abjad developed from the Phoenician script, which became the imperial writing system of the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires.
Aramaic inscription of Yanouh
The Aramaic inscription of Yanouh is a fragmentary Aramaic text on a sandstone block found in the 1960s at the Yanouh-Mghaira sanctuary in Mount Lebanon, now lost.
Aramaic New Testament hypotheses
Aramaic New Testament hypotheses, also called Aramaic Primacy, are claims that the New Testament was composed wholly or partly in Aramaic rather than Greek, ranging from Peshitta primacy to mainstream views.
Aramaic papyri from Egypt
The Aramaic papyri from Egypt, also known as the Elephantine papyri, are 1,042 fifth-century BC documents recording a Judean military colony at Elephantine with its own temple to YHW.
Aramaization of Assyria
The Aramaization of Assyria was the spread of Aramaic and Arameans through the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the first millennium BC, as Aramaic gradually replaced Akkadian.
Aramatle-qo
Aramatle-qo, also known as Amtalqa, was a king of Kush in the first half of the 6th century BC, buried in pyramid Nu. 9 at Nuri.
Aramco PF
Aramco PF, formally Saudi Aramco and the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, is Saudi Arabia's state-owned hydrocarbon company, producing 12.9 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2025.
Arame
Arame, also written Aramu, was an early king of Urartu in the Armenian highland, known only from Assyrian records of Shalmaneser III's campaigns of 858 and 856 BC.
Arame (king of Arpad)
Arame, also known as Arame of Bit-Agusi, was the second king of Bit Agusi in northern Syria, who submitted to Assyria's Shalmaneser III in 858 BCE.
Aramean incursions
The Aramean incursions were raids and settlement by Aramaean tribes against Middle Assyria and Babylonia from the late 12th to the 11th centuries BC, first recorded under Tiglath-pileser I.
Aramean migrations
The Aramean migrations were the movements of Aramaic-speaking tribes across the Fertile Crescent in the late 2nd millennium BC, producing Aramaean states including Damascus, Hamath, and Bit-Adini.
Aramean migrations into Babylonia
The Aramean migrations into Babylonia were the gradual entry and settlement of West Semitic pastoralist tribes in southern Mesopotamia from the 11th century BC, not a single invasion.
Aramean siege of Samaria
The Aramean siege of Samaria was an attack on Israel's capital by Ben-Hadad of Damascus with 32 allied kings, narrated in 1 Kings 20 under Ahab.
Aramean states
The Aramean states, also called Aramaean states, were small Iron Age kingdoms of Syria and upper Mesopotamia ruled by Aramaic-speaking dynasts and absorbed into the Neo-Assyrian Empire.