127,669 articles
Cold case
Cold case: an unsolved criminal investigation, typically homicide or missing/unidentified person, inactive after leads are exhausted. Covers definitions, US/UK cold case units, clearance statistics, DNA and genetic genealogy advances, and outcomes.
Cold pressor test
The cold pressor test is a laboratory pain-stress paradigm in which a hand is immersed in near-freezing water while investigators measure pain responses and cardiovascular reactions.
Cold reading
Cold reading: conversational techniques for appearing to know private facts about a stranger using only the stranger's own responses. Distinct from hot reading (prior research) and warm reading; core mechanism is the Barnum effect.
Cold War
The Cold War (1945–1991) was the US–Soviet rivalry, also called the East–West conflict, fought by proxy, arms race, and ideology rather than direct combat, ending with Gorbachev's reforms and the Soviet Union's 1991 dissolution.
Cold War (1979–1985)
Cold War (1979–1985), the Second Cold War or last peak: renewed US–Soviet confrontation after détente, triggered by Afghanistan, Iran, and the NATO dual-track Euromissile decision, peaking in the 1983 war scare and ending with the January 1985 Geneva resumption of arms talks.
Cold War (1985–1991)
Cold War (1985–1991): final phase from Gorbachev's March 1985 accession to the USSR's dissolution in December 1991, marked by the Geneva, Reykjavik, and Malta summits, the INF Treaty, START I, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the Soviet collapse.
Cold War espionage
Cold War espionage: the 1947-1991 US-Soviet intelligence contest via the CIA, KGB, NSA, spy satellites, and covert action; marked by KGB HUMINT advantage, moles like Ames, and the Mitrokhin archive.
ColdQuanta (Infleqtion)
Infleqtion, formerly ColdQuanta, is an American quantum technology company based in Colorado. Founded in 2007 by physicist Dana Anderson, it builds neutral-atom quantum computers, sensors, and software.
ColdSnap
ColdSnap, formerly Sigma Phase, Corp., is an American food-technology company founded in 2018 and based in Billerica, Massachusetts, making a countertop machine that turns shelf-stable aluminum pods into frozen desserts, frozen lattes, and smoothies.
Coldstream Guards
Coldstream Guards, oldest continuously serving regiment of the British regular Army, formed 1650 by George Monck in Coldstream, Scotland. Second Foot Guards regiment, motto Nulli Secundus; light-role infantry with ceremonial duties.
Cole Harbour District High School
Cole Harbour District High School (CHDHS) is a public grades 10-12 school in Cole Harbour, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, under HRCE; built 1979, capacity 1,168, IB and French immersion programs, skilled trades centre opened 2014.
Cole Hefner
Cole Hefner is an American politician, a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 5 since 2017, after serving as an Upshur County commissioner.
Cole Jester
Cole Jester is an American Republican politician serving as Arkansas Secretary of State since 2025, appointed by Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders to fill John Thurston's term.
Cole Younger
Cole Younger (Thomas Coleman Younger, 1844–1916), Missouri outlaw, Quantrill guerrilla, and James-Younger gang member; captured at the 1876 Northfield bank raid, imprisoned at Stillwater, pardoned 1903.
Colectiv nightclub fire
Colectiv nightclub fire: 30 October 2015 blaze at Club Colectiv, Bucharest, during a Goodbye to Gravity concert; pyrotechnic sparks ignited acoustic foam, killing 64 (65 by some counts) and toppling the Ponta government.
Colectivo (Venezuela)
Colectivos (colectivos armados) are Venezuelan pro-government armed civilian groups rooted in 1960s urban guerrilla movements and Bolivarian Circles, used alongside security forces to repress protests, control neighborhoods, and intimidate opponents under Chávez and Maduro.
Coleen Carrigan
Coleen Carrigan is a feminist anthropologist and associate professor of science, technology, and society at the University of Virginia, known for research on women in computing.
Colegio de San Francisco de Borja
Colegio de San Francisco de Borja was a Jesuit boarding school in Cusco, in the Viceroyalty of Peru, founded in 1621 for the sons of indigenous nobles.
Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco
The Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, formally the Imperial Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, was a Franciscan college founded in 1536 in Tlatelolco, near Mexico City, to educate sons of the Nahua nobility.
Colegio San Pablo (Lima)
The Colegio Máximo de San Pablo was a Jesuit college in Lima founded in 1568 and closed in 1767, the order's Peruvian center and home of a famed 40,000-volume library.
Coleman Hughes
Coleman Cruz Hughes (born 1996) is an American writer and podcast host on race and public policy, author of The End of Race Politics (2024), a Free Press and CNN contributor who testified at the 2019 House reparations hearing.
Colendi
Colendi is a Turkish fintech company founded by Bulent Tekmen that provides credit scoring and fraud protection, and is building a licensed digital bank for Turkey.
Coles Group
Coles Group Limited is an Australian ASX-listed supermarket and liquor retailer founded in 1914 in Victoria, holding about 29% of national grocery sales alongside Woolworths.
Coles Supermarkets
Coles Supermarkets, formerly Coles New World, is an Australian supermarket chain with 870 stores and about 29% of national grocery sales, owned by Coles Group since 2018.
Colette Kress
Colette Kress is a finance executive who has served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of NVIDIA since September 2013, after earlier finance roles at Cisco, Microsoft, and Texas Instruments.
Colfax massacre
The Colfax massacre, also called the Colfax Riot, was the April 13, 1873 killing of dozens to 150-plus Black men by over 300 armed whites led by C. C. Nash at the Colfax, Louisiana courthouse, followed by the Supreme Court's United States v. Cruikshank ruling.
Colgate University
Colgate University: private residential liberal arts university in Hamilton, New York; founded 1819 as the Baptist Education Society, Madison University from 1846, renamed Colgate 1890 for the soapmaker patron family; 3,143 students, 57 majors, Division I Raiders.
Colgate-Palmolive
Colgate-Palmolive is an American consumer products company founded in 1806 that sells oral care, personal care, home care, and Hill's pet nutrition products in more than 200 countries.
Colin "Caesar" Campbell
Colin "Caesar" Campbell (1946–2021), Australian outlaw biker, bareknuckle fighter, and author; sergeant-at-arms of the Comancheros, founding sergeant-at-arms of the Bandidos Australia, wounded at the 1984 Milperra Massacre, memoirist of Enforcer.
Colin Allred
Colin Allred (Colin Zachary Allred) is an American politician and former NFL linebacker who represented Texas in the House before losing the 2024 Senate race to Ted Cruz.