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Society and history

127,669 articles

Content marketing

Content marketing is a pull marketing strategy that provides useful, educational, or entertaining information on its own merit, unlike push advertising, building brand trust and engagement rather than persuading directly.

Content validity

Content validity is the degree to which a test's items are relevant to and representative of its intended construct, judged by expert panels before data collection.

Contentsquare

Contentsquare is a French digital experience analytics company founded in Paris in 2012 by Jonathan Cherki, which records how users interact with websites and apps.

Contentstack

Contentstack is a San Francisco software company founded in 2018 by Neha Sampat and Nishant Patel that sells a headless CMS to enterprise customers like Shell and JPMorgan Chase.

Contessina de' Bardi

Contessina de' Bardi (Lotta, 1391/1392-1473), Florentine noblewoman of the Bardi di Vernio, wife of Cosimo de' Medici the Elder, mother of Piero the Gouty; known through her letters and the Gozzoli fresco.

Contestado War

The Contestado War (Guerra do Contestado) was an armed conflict fought from 1912 to 1916 on the Paraná–Santa Catarina plateau in southern Brazil, leaving about 20,000 dead.

Contextual AI

Contextual AI is an American enterprise AI company in Mountain View, California, founded in 2023 by Douwe Kiela and Amanpreet Singh to build retrieval-augmented generation systems for businesses.

Contextualism (epistemology)

Contextualism in epistemology is the view that whether a knowledge claim like "S knows that p" is true depends on the context of the person making it.

Conti Venture

Conti Venture is the venture capital arm of Continental Grain Company, a New York firm investing in early-stage food and agriculture technology companies since 2022.

Contimporanul

Contimporanul was an avant-garde literary and art magazine published in Bucharest from 1922 to 1932, led by Ion Vinea and Marcel Iancu as Romania's longest-running interwar avant-garde journal.

Continental Army

Continental Army: the army created by the Second Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, commanded by George Washington through the Revolutionary War, professionalized at Valley Forge, victorious at Yorktown, disbanded June 2, 1784.

Continental Association

The Continental Association (Articles of Association), adopted October 20, 1774 by the First Continental Congress, was an intercolonial non-importation, non-consumption, and non-exportation boycott of British goods enforced by about 7,000 local committee members.

Continental Baths

Continental Baths, a gay bathhouse in the Ansonia Hotel basement, New York, 1968 to mid-1970s, founded by Steve Ostrow; launched Bette Midler, Barry Manilow, DJs Knuckles, and Levan.

Continental Congress

The Continental Congress (1774–1781) was the Philadelphia-based delegate assembly of the Thirteen Colonies that coordinated resistance to Britain, declared independence, and governed the United States under the Articles of Confederation until the Constitution replaced it.

Continental philosophy

Continental philosophy: the 19th- and 20th-century philosophical traditions of mainland Europe, including German Idealism, phenomenology, existentialism, hermeneutics, critical theory, and poststructuralism, customarily contrasted with analytic philosophy.

Continental Resources

Continental Resources is an Oklahoma City oil and gas producer founded by Harold Hamm in 1967, known for pioneering Bakken shale drilling and taken private in 2022.

Continental System

The Continental System (blocus continental) was Napoleon's embargo on British trade across Europe, 1806-1814, via the Berlin and Milan Decrees; it hurt continental economies more than Britain's and led to the Peninsular War and the 1812 Russian invasion.

Contingency (philosophy)

Contingency in philosophy is the modal property of what could be otherwise, contrasted with necessity; covered here in modal logic, Aristotle's sea battle, Leibniz's infinite analysis, contingency arguments, and accounts of the grounds of necessity.

Contingency plan

A contingency plan, or contingency planning, is a management tool that sets out in advance the actions, resources, and responsibilities for maintaining or restoring business operations during an emergency or disaster.

Contingency theory

Contingency theory, also called structural contingency theory, is a management and leadership theory holding that no single approach is best: effectiveness depends on fit between style and situation.

Contingent consideration

Contingent consideration is an acquirer's obligation to transfer additional assets or equity to a business's former owners if specified future events occur, typically structured as an earnout.

Contingent election

Contingent election is the constitutional procedure, under the Twelfth Amendment, by which the House elects the President (one vote per state, top three candidates) and the Senate elects the Vice President when no candidate wins an electoral vote majority; used in 1801, 1825, and 1837.

Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that depends on uncertain future events, such as lawsuits, warranties, or loan guarantees, disclosed but not recognized under IAS 37.

Contingent valuation

Contingent valuation (CV) is a survey-based economics method that measures willingness to pay for non-market goods like environmental quality, originating with Robert Davis's 1963 Maine hunting study and endorsed by the 1993 NOAA Panel.

Contingent vote

The contingent vote is a single-winner ranked voting system in which all candidates except the top two are eliminated after the first count, and their ballots are redistributed.

Continual improvement process

The continual improvement process, also known as continuous improvement, is a recurring organizational activity to increase the ability to fulfill requirements, typically carried out by iterating the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle.

Continuation War

Continuation War (Finnish: jatkosota), 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944, Finland's second war with the Soviet Union, fought alongside Germany to regain Winter War losses, ending in the Moscow Armistice.

Continuing education

Continuing education: organized adult learning beyond initial degrees, rooted in 19th-century university extension (Cambridge 1873, Oxford 1878) and the 1914 Smith-Lever Act; today spans CEUs, professional education, and micro-credentials.

Continuity Irish Republican Army

The Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA), also known as the Continuity Army Council, is a dissident republican paramilitary group formed after the 1986 Sinn Féin split.

Continuity of government

Continuity of government (COG), alongside continuity of operations (COOP) and enduring constitutional government, is US federal planning to preserve constitutional government and essential functions during catastrophic emergencies, rooted in Cold War nuclear-attack plans, presidential succession law, FEMA's FPC 65, and GAO oversight.