127,669 articles
Critical pedagogy
Critical pedagogy, an education approach for social justice and critical consciousness rooted in Paulo Freire's work and Frankfurt School critical theory, developed further by Henry Giroux, using conscientization, problem-posing, praxis, and dialogue.
Critical period hypothesis
Critical period hypothesis: proposal, from Penfield & Roberts (1959) and Lenneberg (1967), that language acquisition depends on an early biological window ending near puberty; large-scale tests dispute its discontinuity and endpoint.
Critical policy analysis
Critical policy analysis is a family of approaches in policy studies that asks whose interests policies serve rather than assuming analysis is neutral, attending to power and language.
Critical race theory
Critical race theory (CRT) is a body of legal scholarship, developed in United States law schools in the late 1970s and early 1980s, examining how racism is embedded in legal institutions.
Critical theory
Critical theory is a family of theories aiming to critique and transform society; capitalized, it names the Frankfurt School tradition begun at Frankfurt's Institute for Social Research in the 1930s.
Critical thinking
Critical thinking, also called critical reasoning, is careful, goal-directed thinking about what to believe or do, evaluating evidence and arguments against standards of adequacy and accuracy.
Criticism of advertising
Criticism of advertising is the organized critique of advertising's economic, psychological, social, and environmental effects, spanning want creation, manipulation, harm to children, and carbon emissions.
Criticism of Apple Inc.
Criticism of Apple Inc. centers on its 30% App Store commission, antitrust rulings in the UK, EU, and US, and labor conditions in its supply chain.
Criticism of capitalism
Criticism of capitalism: moral, economic, and political arguments against private ownership of the means of production and market allocation. Main strands are Marxist exploitation and alienation, Rawlsian inequality objections, and Keynesian unemployment critique.
Criticism of democracy
Criticism of democracy covers philosophical and empirical arguments against democratic rule: Plato's expertise objection, Hobbes on dissension, Riker's social choice critique via Arrow's theorem, Brennan's epistocracy, and modern survey evidence of public dissatisfaction and democratic decline.
Criticism of democracy promotion
Criticism of democracy promotion covers objections to foreign democracy aid: charges of hypocrisy and double standards, its association with regime change after Iraq and the color revolutions, and foreign-agent laws.
Criticism of Facebook
Criticism of Facebook covers objections to Meta's platform: the Cambridge Analytica data harvesting of 87 million users, mixed mental-health evidence, moderation reversals including the January 2025 end of fact-checking, algorithmic news deprioritization, and EU Digital Services Act addictive-design charges.
Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt covers objections to his court-packing plan, Japanese American incarceration under Executive Order 9066, New Deal racial exclusions, 1937 austerity, and the refugee policy that failed European Jews.
Criticism of Marxism
Criticism of Marxism: major critiques of Marx's theories, chiefly Mises's 1920 economic calculation problem, Popper's unfalsifiability charge, Elster's critique of functional explanation, and internal Marxist debates.
Criticism of socialism
Criticism of socialism covers the economic calculation argument of Mises (1920), Hayek's knowledge problem, public choice incentive critiques by Shleifer and Vishny, and historical assessments of Soviet-type economies, together with socialist replies such as Lange's market socialism.
Criticism of the BBC
Criticism of the BBC covers impartiality accusations from left and right, editorial scandals (Panorama Trump edit, Gaza documentary), complaints-system and governance critiques, and licence fee funding disputes, despite the BBC remaining the most trusted UK news brand.
Criticism of the United Nations
Criticism of the United Nations targets the Security Council veto and composition, peacekeeping failures in Rwanda, Srebrenica and Darfur, Human Rights Council politicization, and UN management and budget problems.
Criticism of the war on terror
Criticism of the war on terror covers legal, moral, human rights, and economic objections to the US post-9/11 campaign: the elastic 2001 AUMF, targeted killings, Guantánamo detention, the Iraq WMD intelligence failure, an $8 trillion cost, and questioned effectiveness.
Criticism of Walmart
Criticism of Walmart covers the retailer's anti-union labor relations, low wages and part-time scheduling, supply chain labor abuses, community effects on small retailers, and FTC, EEOC, and wage-and-hour litigation, weighed against its lower consumer prices.
Criticism of Wikipedia
Criticism of Wikipedia covers accuracy disputes (Nature 2005 vs Britannica), political and systemic bias, vandalism, hoaxes, AI-generated content, and its general rejection as an academic citation source.
Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius Campaign
The Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius Campaign (批林批孔运动) was a nationwide political campaign launched by the Chinese Communist Party in January 1974, denouncing Lin Biao and attacking Confucius and Confucian thought.
Critique
Critique is the systematic examination of the foundations and validity of thought, institutions, or art. Central senses: Kant's three Critiques (1781-1790), Frankfurt School critical theory, the post-critique literary debate, and model-generated critiques in AI research.
Critique of Judgment
The Critique of Judgment (Kritik der Urteilskraft) is a 1790 work by Immanuel Kant, the third of his three Critiques, examining aesthetic judgment and teleology.
Critique of Pure Reason
Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781; revised 1787), his first Critique, argues for transcendental idealism: space, time, and the categories structure experience, limiting knowledge to appearances.
Critiques of international arbitration
Critiques of international arbitration are the body of academic argument that arbitration, especially investor–state dispute settlement, exercises public authority without adequate accountability, transparency, or democratic control.
Crito (Κρίτων)
Crito (Κρίτων) is Plato's short Socratic dialogue in which Socrates, in prison awaiting execution, refuses his friend Crito's offer to fund an escape, arguing via the personified Laws of Athens that he is bound to obey the city's judgment.
Crius (Κριός)
Crius (Κριός, Krios/Kreios) is one of the twelve elder Titans of Greek myth, son of Uranus and Gaia, husband of Eurybia, father of Astraeus, Pallas, and Perses; obscure, with no myths or cult of his own.
Crius Energy
Crius Energy, also known as Crius Energy Trust, was a Stamford, Connecticut-based retail energy company selling electricity and natural gas, acquired by Vistra Energy in 2019.
Crixus
Crixus, a Gallic gladiator and slave, was a principal lieutenant of Spartacus in the Third Servile War (73-71 BC). He split off with about 30,000 men in 72 BC and died with some 20,000 followers near Mount Garganus against Quintus Arrius; Spartacus honored him with funeral gladiatorial games.
Croagh Patrick
Croagh Patrick, also known as the Reek, is a 765 m mountain in County Mayo, Ireland, where pilgrims climb each July in imitation of Saint Patrick's traditional 441 AD fast.