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Cronan
Cronan (Crónán) of Roscrea was an Irish abbot, sometimes called a bishop, who founded the monastery from which the town of Roscrea, County Tipperary grew; he died on 28 April 640.
Crone
Crone: an English word for an old woman, historically an insult from Anglo-French carogne (carrion), and in Neopaganism and feminism the reclaimed Triple Goddess archetype of elder wisdom.
Crónica mexicana
Crónica mexicana is a chronicle of the Mexica people written in Spanish around 1598 and attributed to Hernando de Alvarado Tezozómoc, narrating Mexica history from Aztlán to the Conquest.
Crónica mexicáyotl
The Crónica mexicáyotl is a Nahuatl-language chronicle of Mexica history written in 1609, attributed to Hernando de Alvarado Tezozómoc and preserved in Chimalpáin's hand, recounting the Mexica migration from Aztlán.
Cronus (Κρόνος)
Cronus (Κρόνος, Kronos), youngest Titan of Greek mythology, son of Uranus and Gaia, consort of Rhea, father of the Olympians; castrated Uranus, swallowed his children until Zeus overthrew him; Roman Saturn.
Crony capitalism
Crony capitalism, or cronyism in market economies, is an economic system where business success depends on close ties between business people and government officials, yielding protection, licences, contracts, and subsidies for the connected.
Cronyism
Cronyism: non-merit-based granting of privileges, jobs, or favors to friends and associates based on personal relationships; related to nepotism, patronage, and crony capitalism; differs from corruption forms by scope and reciprocity-based dynamics.
Crop circle
Crop circle: flattened-crop patterns in fields, mainly Wiltshire, England, since the late 1970s. Doug Bower and Dave Chorley confessed in 1991 to starting the phenomenon with a plank and rope; most are human-made art, some claims persist.
Cross
The cross is the central symbol of Christianity, representing the redemption of humanity through Christ's suffering, with forms including the Latin, Greek, and tau crosses.
Cross burning
Cross burning: setting a cross on fire as intimidation, adopted by the Ku Klux Klan from 1915 (Stone Mountain, Leo Frank lynching); criminalized under federal and state statutes and shaped by Virginia v. Black (2003).
Cross elasticity of demand
Cross elasticity of demand, or cross-price elasticity, measures how demand for one good responds to a price change in another, positive for substitutes and negative for complements.
Cross of Gold speech
Cross of Gold speech, delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896 at the Chicago Democratic National Convention, argued for free silver at 16-to-1 against the gold standard and won Bryan the presidential nomination.
Cross of Honour of the German Mother
The Cross of Honour of the German Mother (Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter, Mutterkreuz) was a Nazi German state decoration instituted 16 December 1938, awarded in bronze, silver, and gold to mothers of four, six, and eight or more children; banned in 1945.
Cross of Saint Peter
The Cross of Saint Peter, also called the Petrine cross, is an inverted Latin cross traditionally symbolizing the apostle Peter's martyrdom in Rome and Christian humility.
Cross River Bank
Cross River Bank is a New Jersey-chartered commercial bank in Teaneck, founded in 2008, that provides banking services for fintech companies like Stripe and Coinbase.
Cross-border estates and conflict of laws in succession administration
Cross-border estates and conflict of laws in succession administration governs which country's courts and law apply when a deceased person's estate spans several countries, including the EU Succession Regulation.
Cross-border Interbank Payment System
The Cross-border Interbank Payment System, or CIPS (人民币跨境支付系统), is a system approved by the People's Bank of China for clearing and settling cross-border renminbi payments, launched in Shanghai in 2015.
Cross-border spousal maintenance
Cross-border spousal maintenance is the private international law deciding which country's law governs spousal support when spouses live in different countries, and how orders are enforced abroad.
Cross-cultural communication
Cross-cultural communication is the exchange of messages between people of different cultural communities, also called intercultural communication. Key elements: negotiated shared meaning, language and culture-bound barriers, competence measurement, and applications in healthcare, business, and diplomacy.
Cross-currency swap
A cross-currency swap is an over-the-counter derivative exchanging principals in two currencies at the spot rate, with periodic interest payments, typically one to 30 years.
Cross-dressing
Cross-dressing: wearing clothing culturally associated with another gender; a form of gender expression, usually not tied to gender identity, sexual orientation, or erotic activity; distinct from drag performance.
Cross-examination
Cross-examination: questioning of a witness by an opposing party in adversarial trials, governed by rules like FRE 611, originating in 1730s English practice, restricted for vulnerable witnesses, and absent as a right in inquisitorial systems.
Cross-functional team
A cross-functional team is a group drawn from different specialties, such as engineering, marketing, and finance, that between its members holds all the skills needed to deliver a shared goal.
Cross-kissing (krestotselovalnye) records of 1606 and 1610
The cross-kissing (krestotselovalnye) records of 1606 and 1610 (Крестоцеловальные записи) were oaths by which Tsar Vasily Shuisky swore not to execute or confiscate without trial.
Cross-kissing record of Vasily Shuisky
The cross-kissing record of Vasily Shuisky was the oath sworn by Tsar Vasily Shuisky at his 1606 accession, promising no execution without judgment with his boyars.
Cross-price elasticity of demand
Cross-price elasticity of demand (XED) measures how demand for one good responds to a price change in another: positive for substitutes like coffee and tea, negative for complements.
Cross-race effect
Cross-race effect (own-race bias, other-race effect): better recognition of same-race than other-race faces. Robust, emerges by 3 months, influenced by childhood contact, a key factor in eyewitness misidentification.
Cross-sectional data
Cross-sectional data are observations on a sample of individuals, households, firms, or countries at one point in time, each unit measured on the same variables.
Cross-selling
Cross-selling is a firm's proactive offer of complementary products or services to existing customers, like a camera bag with a camera, as distinct from upselling.
Cross-situational word learning
Cross-situational word learning is a laboratory paradigm in which learners infer which words refer to which objects by tracking co-occurrences across many ambiguous exposures, without feedback.