Battery materials and components

Hard carbon

Hard carbon is a non-graphitizable form of carbon, made by carbonizing biomass or resin at 1000–1600 °C, and is the dominant anode material for sodium-ion batteries.

A hard carbon anode is a battery negative electrode made from hard carbon, a disordered amorphous carbon that cannot be converted into graphite even above 3000 °C, and the leading anode for sodium-ion batteries.

Hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries are disordered carbon materials that store sodium through adsorption, intercalation, and pore filling, since graphite stores little sodium, making hard carbon the leading anode candidate.

High-concentration electrolytes

High-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) are battery electrolytes with salt levels typically 3 to 5 M, where anions enter the cation's solvation shell and change interphase chemistry.

High-entropy cathode

A high-entropy cathode is a battery positive-electrode material in which five or more elements share active cation sites in near-equiatomic proportions, stabilized by high configurational entropy.

High-entropy electrolyte

A high-entropy electrolyte (HEE) is a battery electrolyte, liquid, gel, or solid, that mixes multiple salts, solvents, or ions to raise disorder, improving ionic conductivity, interfacial stability, and cycling.

High-entropy layered oxide cathodes

High-entropy layered oxide cathodes (HELOs) are battery cathode materials in which five or more cation species share a layered oxide sublattice, stabilizing the structure during cycling.

High-entropy solid electrolytes

High-entropy solid electrolytes (HESEs) are solid ion-conducting battery materials that mix several cations or anions into one disordered lattice, an approach adapted from high-entropy alloys to raise ionic conductivity.

Hunan Zhongli New Materials (中锂新材)

Hunan Zhongli New Materials (中锂新材) was a Chinese manufacturer of wet-process lithium-ion battery separators, founded in Changde, Hunan in 2012 and taken over by Sinoma Science & Technology in 2019.

Hydrovolt

Hydrovolt is a Norwegian battery recycling company founded in 2020 as a joint venture of Hydro and Northvolt, operating Europe's largest EV battery recycling plant in Fredrikstad.

ioneer

Ioneer is a mining developer whose flagship Rhyolite Ridge project in Nevada is designed to co-produce lithium carbonate and boric acid from a single deposit.

Ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium and sodium cells

Ionic liquid electrolytes are battery electrolytes in which the solvent is a room-temperature ionic liquid, offering nonflammability and high stability but suffering high viscosity and low conductivity.

Ionogel

An ionogel is a soft composite in which an ionic liquid is confined in a polymer network, combining liquid-like ionic conductivity with solid form for sensors and batteries.

Iron fluoride

Iron fluoride, mainly iron(III) fluoride (FeF₃) and iron(II) fluoride (FeF₂), is a conversion-type cathode material for lithium-ion batteries whose multi-electron reactions give far higher theoretical capacity than conventional cathodes.

Iron hexacyanoferrate cathode

An iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) cathode is a Prussian blue analog electrode material for sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries, storing sodium through the Fe2+/Fe3+ couple in an open cubic framework.

Iron phosphate

Iron phosphate, FePO₄, is an inorganic compound serving as the iron and phosphorus source for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cathodes, now a commodity-scale battery intermediate with purity and cost shaping the supply chain.

Jadar (lithium project)

Jadar is a lithium-borates mining project in western Serbia developed by Rio Tinto around a jadarite deposit discovered in 2004, one of the world's largest potential lithium deposits.

Jervois Global

Jervois Global is an Australian cobalt and nickel mining and refining company headquartered in Victoria, with a refinery in Finland, a cobalt mine in Idaho, and a refinery in São Paulo, Brazil.

Jiangsu Housheng New Energy Technology (厚生新能源)

Jiangsu Housheng New Energy Technology (厚生新能源) is a Chinese manufacturer of wet-process lithium-ion battery separators, founded in 2017 and headquartered in Changzhou, Jiangsu, with plants in Shanxi and Chongqing.

Jinchuan Group Nickel-Cobalt

Jinchuan Nickel-Cobalt, formally Jinchuan Group Nickel-Cobalt Co., Ltd., is a Chinese nickel and cobalt producer based in Jinchang, Gansu, that raised RMB 9.7 billion in 2025 and filed for an IPO.

Keda New Energy (科达新能源)

Keda New Energy (科达新能源) is a Chinese producer of artificial graphite anode material for lithium-ion batteries, founded in 2017 in Datian County, Fujian, and controlled by Shanghai-listed Keda Manufacturing.

Keliber

Keliber Oy is a Finnish mining company majority owned by Sibanye-Stillwater that mines spodumene and produces battery-grade lithium hydroxide in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland, with mining starting in 2026.

Kuntian New Energy

Kuntian New Energy is a Chinese maker of artificial graphite anode material for lithium-ion batteries, founded in 2018 in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, with customers including CATL and BYD.

Kwinana LiOH refinery

The Kwinana LiOH refinery is a lithium hydroxide plant south of Perth, Western Australia; two operate there, one owned by Tianqi–IGO and one by Covalent Lithium.

LATP (solid electrolyte)

LATP, short for lithium aluminum titanium phosphate, is a NASICON-type ceramic solid electrolyte for lithium batteries, prized for its conductivity, air stability, and low cost.

Li-Cycle

Li-Cycle was a Canadian lithium-ion battery recycling company founded in Toronto in 2016, acquired by Glencore in 2025 and now operating as Glencore Battery Recycling.

Li10GeP2S12

Li10GeP2S12, commonly abbreviated LGPS, is a lithium superionic conductor reported in 2011 by researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology and Toyota as a leading electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Li2ZrCl6

Li2ZrCl6, lithium zirconium chloride, is a rare-earth-free halide solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries, reported in 2021 with about 0.4 to 1 mS cm−1 conductivity and raw-material cost far below Li3YCl6.

Li3OCl

Li3OCl, or lithium oxychloride, is a lithium-rich antiperovskite compound proposed as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries, drawing attention after a 2012 report of near-liquid-electrolyte ionic conductivity, though preparing anhydrous samples remains disputed.