252 articles
P2-type layered oxide
A P2-type layered oxide, formula NaxTMO2, is a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries with trigonal-prismatic sodium sites between TMO2 layers, giving fast Na+ diffusion but a poorly reversible P2–O2 transition at high voltage.
PAA binder
PAA binder is poly(acrylic acid), a water-soluble polymer whose carboxyl groups bond strongly to silicon particles, serving as a binder in lithium-ion battery silicon anodes.
Phosphorus anode
A phosphorus anode is a battery negative electrode of red or black phosphorus that stores lithium or sodium ions by alloying, offering 2,596 mAh g⁻¹ theoretical capacity.
Plastic crystal electrolytes
Plastic crystal electrolytes (PCEs) are solid-state electrolytes combining a metal salt with a plastic crystal, a solid whose molecules rotate, giving solid materials with liquid-like ion transport for batteries.
Polyanion cathode
A polyanion cathode is a battery positive-electrode material in which covalent polyanionic groups such as phosphates raise voltage but lower capacity, with olivine LiFePO₄ its commercial anchor.
Polyanionic sodium-ion cathode
A polyanionic sodium-ion cathode is a sodium-ion battery positive electrode built from tetrahedral anion units like phosphate or sulfate, one of three main cathode families.
Polyethylene oxide solid electrolyte
A polyethylene oxide solid electrolyte dissolves lithium salts in poly(ethylene oxide) to conduct lithium ions, first reported in 1973 and used in Bolloré's LMP battery.
Polyethylene separator
A polyethylene separator is a microporous PE membrane in lithium-ion batteries that blocks electrode contact while letting lithium ions pass, with a thermal shutdown near 130–140 °C.
Polyimide separator
A polyimide separator is a porous polyimide membrane that keeps lithium battery electrodes apart, offering far greater heat resistance and dimensional stability than conventional polyolefin separators.
Polymer solid-state electrolytes
Polymer solid-state electrolytes are salt-doped polymer membranes that conduct lithium ions between battery electrodes while remaining solid, safer than liquids but so poorly conducting at room temperature that cells usually run warm.
Polymer-ceramic composite electrolyte
A polymer-ceramic composite electrolyte is a solid ion-conducting battery material combining a polymer-salt matrix with a ceramic phase, studied as a safer, nonflammable route toward solid-state lithium and sodium batteries.
Polypropylene separator
A polypropylene separator is a microporous polypropylene membrane between a lithium-ion battery's electrodes that prevents short circuit while letting lithium ions pass, known for low cost and thermal shutdown.
Polytetrafluoroethylene binder
The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder is a fluoropolymer used in dry battery electrode processing, where mechanical shear turns PTFE particles into a fibrous, solvent-free binding network.
Porous silicon anode
A porous silicon anode is a lithium-ion battery electrode made of silicon with internal pores that absorb the ~300% volume change of lithiation, enabling capacities far above graphite.
POSCO Future M
POSCO Future M (포스코퓨처엠), formerly POSCO Chemical, is a South Korean manufacturer of cathode and anode materials for rechargeable batteries and the only company in Korea producing both.
Potassium metal anode
A potassium metal anode is the metallic potassium negative electrode in potassium metal batteries, offering 687 mAh g⁻¹ capacity, a low potential of −2.93 V, and low cost.
Precursor cathode active material
Precursor cathode active material (pCAM) is a mixed nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide intermediate from which lithium-ion battery cathode powder is made by lithiation and calcination; it is produced almost entirely by co-precipitation.
Prussian blue analogue cathode
A Prussian blue analog cathode is a positive electrode for rechargeable batteries, mainly sodium-ion cells, built on the open cyanide-bridged framework of Prussian blue and made cheaply by aqueous synthesis.
Prussian white
Prussian white (Na₂Fe[Fe(CN)₆]) is a sodium iron hexacyanoferrate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, commercialized by CATL in 2021 at 160 Wh/kg and prized for fast sodium-ion transport and cobalt-free chemistry.
PT Huafei Nickel Cobalt
PT Huafei Nickel Cobalt is an Indonesian joint venture operating an HPAL nickel-cobalt plant at the Weda Bay Industrial Park on Halmahera, started in 2024.
PT Huajin Nickel Cobalt
PT Huajin Nickel Cobalt is an Indonesian nickel-cobalt processing company of the HPAL type, operating within the industrial-park ecosystem centered on the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) in Morowali, Central Sulawesi.
PT Huayue Nickel Cobalt
PT Huayue Nickel Cobalt, also known as PT HYNC, operates a high-pressure acid leach nickel plant in the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park, producing battery materials since 2021.
Pyrometallurgical recycling
Pyrometallurgical recycling is a battery recycling method that smelts spent lithium-ion batteries above 1200 °C to an alloy, recovering over 95% of cobalt, nickel, and copper.
Redox mediators in Li–oxygen batteries
Redox mediators (RMs) in lithium–oxygen batteries are soluble redox-active molecules or ions that shuttle charge between the insulating discharge product lithium peroxide and the electrode, lowering the charge voltage.
Rhyolite Ridge
Rhyolite Ridge is a proposed open-pit lithium-boron mine in Esmeralda County, Nevada, developed by Australia-based Ioneer, producing lithium carbonate for EV batteries and boric acid.
Rongtong Gaoke (融通高科)
Rongtong Gaoke (融通高科) is a Chinese manufacturer of lithium iron phosphate battery cathode materials, founded by He Zhonglin in 2016 in Daye, Hubei, and supplying CATL and BYD.
Sal de Vida
Sal de Vida is a lithium brine mining project in the Salar del Hombre Muerto in Catamarca Province, Argentina, owned by Rio Tinto since its 2025 acquisition of Arcadium Lithium.
Salar Futuro Project
Salar Futuro is a lithium and potassium chloride brine project at the Salar de Atacama in northern Chile, developed by Novandino Litio, the Codelco–SQM alliance company.
Self-healing battery binder
A self-healing battery binder is a polymeric adhesive in lithium-ion electrodes that repairs cycling damage, chiefly for silicon anodes, which swell about 300% in volume. The concept dates to 2013.
Self-healing battery electrode
A self-healing battery electrode is a battery electrode that repairs mechanical or electrochemical damage autonomously during operation, first demonstrated in 2013 at Stanford and SLAC.