All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Electronic Arts
Electronic Arts (EA), American video game publisher founded 1982 by Trip Hawkins; maker of EA SPORTS FC, Madden NFL, Battlefield, The Sims; taken private in 2026 by PIF, Silver Lake, and Affinity Partners for $55 billion.
Electronic band structure
Electronic band structure, also known as band structure or band theory, gives the allowed electron energies in a crystal and determines whether it conducts electricity or acts as a semiconductor or insulator.
Electronic benefit transfer
Electronic benefit transfer (EBT) is an electronic system for transferring government benefits to retailers, used in the United States for SNAP food benefits, replacing paper food stamps.
Electronic body music
Electronic body music (EBM) is an early-1980s Belgian and West German electronic dance genre blending industrial and synth-punk; Front 242 adopted the name for No Comment (1984), with DAF, Die Krupps, and Nitzer Ebb as first-generation figures.
Electronic brachytherapy
Electronic brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique that treats tumors with electrically generated low-energy X-rays from a miniature X-ray tube placed at or next to the treatment site.
Electronic business
Electronic business (e-business), also called online business, is the conduct of business processes over computer networks, a broader term than e-commerce, coined by IBM in the late 1990s.
Electronic cigarette
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette, vape, ENDS): battery-operated device heating a nicotine e-liquid into an inhaled aerosol. Invented by Hon Lik (2003) after Gilbert's 1963 patent; aids smoking cessation versus NRT but carries EVALI and youth-use risks.
Electronic circuit
An electronic circuit is a closed loop of interconnected components, from a battery and lamp to integrated circuits with billions of transistors, that amplifies, computes, or transfers power.
Electronic color code
The electronic color code, often called the resistor color code, is a system of colored bands on resistors encoding value, tolerance, and temperature coefficient, standardized in IEC 60062.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, a 1986 US federal statute, extended the 1968 Wiretap Act to email and created the Stored Communications Act, including its 180-day rule for email.
Electronic component
An electronic component, also called an electrical component, is a basic circuit element such as a resistor, capacitor, diode, or transistor, classified as passive, active, or interface.
Electronic Components and Technology Conference
The Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) is an annual IEEE conference covering electronic packaging, components, and microelectronic systems, sponsored by the IEEE Electronics Packaging Society.
Electronic control unit
An electronic control unit (ECU), also called an electronic control module, is an embedded computer in a motor vehicle that reads sensors and commands actuators; modern cars carry over 100.
Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an action taken against an enemy's use of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically by jamming or deceiving its radar and communications.
Electronic countermeasures
Electronic countermeasures (ECM) are actions, typically jamming or chaff and decoys, that degrade an enemy's radar, communications, and sensors; they originated against radar-directed air defenses in World War II.
Electronic dance music
Electronic dance music (EDM) is electronically produced music made to encourage dancing, spanning house, techno, trance, garage, and dubstep. Rooted in disco and Black, queer Chicago and Detroit club scenes, it grew through UK rave culture into a global festival industry.
Electronic data interchange
Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the structured computer-to-computer transmission of commercial or administrative transaction data between trading partners in an agreed standard, without human intervention; its best-known standard is UN/EDIFACT.
Electronic Data Systems
Electronic Data Systems (EDS) was an American IT services company founded by Ross Perot in 1962 that pioneered IT outsourcing, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2008.
Electronic design automation
Electronic design automation (EDA), also known as electronic computer-aided design, is specialized software that turns chip specifications into manufacturable layouts, an industry led by Synopsys, Cadence, and Siemens EDA.
Electronic dispersion compensation
Electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) corrects optical fiber impairments, chiefly chromatic and polarization-mode dispersion, using electronic signal processing at the transmitter or receiver, from analog equalizers to the digital filters in every modern coherent receiver.
Electronic distance measurement
Electronic distance measurement (EDM) determines the distance between two survey points from an electromagnetic wave, usually light or microwaves, propagated between them. Introduced commercially in 1950, it replaced taping and became standard in total stations.
Electronic engineering
Electronic engineering, also known as electronics and communication engineering, is the branch of engineering that designs and tests electronic components, circuits, and systems such as radar and communications equipment.
Electronic expansion valve
An electronic expansion valve is an electrically actuated device that meters refrigerant into an evaporator, replacing the mechanical thermostatic expansion valve with sensor-based control that holds evaporator superheat at its efficient optimum.
Electronic Family
Electronic Family is an all-trance outdoor festival created by the Dutch agency ALDA Events, first held in 2011 in the Amsterdamse Bos and later moved to Den Bosch.
Electronic filter
An electronic filter is a circuit that separates a wanted band of frequencies from unwanted ones, implemented passively, actively, or digitally for uses from radio receivers to digitization.
Electronic flight bag
An electronic flight bag (EFB) is a tablet or installed display flight crews use instead of paper manuals, charts, and checklists, hosting applications for calculations and real-time data.
Electronic flight instrument system
An electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) is the suite of electronic cockpit displays, typically a primary flight display and navigation display, that replaced electromechanical instruments; the Boeing 757 entered service with one in 1983.
Electronic friction in molecule–surface scattering
Electronic friction in molecule–surface scattering is a dissipative force on atoms and molecules at metal surfaces, arising from excitation of low-energy electron–hole pairs in the metal.
Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation is a donor-funded nonprofit in San Francisco, founded in 1990 by Mitch Kapor and John Perry Barlow, defending digital privacy and free speech.
Electronic game
Electronic game: games played on electronic devices, spanning arcade machines, consoles, computers, and mobile. Began with Ralph Baer's Brown Box (Magnavox Odyssey, 1972) and Pong; global market reached $201.6 billion in 2025.