All articles starting with F
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Fluorescence anisotropy
Fluorescence anisotropy is a photophysical quantity measuring how much fluorescence emission retains the excitation light's polarization; it reveals molecular rotation, binding, and clustering in assays.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measures diffusion, concentrations, and chemical kinetics of fluorescent molecules from fluctuations in a tiny observation volume, introduced in the early 1970s.
Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) is a fluorescence fluctuation method that cross-correlates emission from two spectrally distinct labels to measure binding, co-diffusion, and enzymatic reactions in solution and living cells.
Fluorescence detection
Fluorescence detection is an analytical technique that measures light emitted by fluorescent molecules after absorbing excitation light, detecting and quantifying analytes with single-molecule sensitivity in favorable cases.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic technique using fluorescent DNA probes to detect chromosomes or gene regions in cells, applied in cancer diagnostics, prenatal testing, and radiation biodosimetry.
Fluorescence labeling
Fluorescence labeling is a bench biology technique that attaches fluorescent dyes or proteins to biomolecules or cells, letting researchers visualize their presence, localization, and abundance.
Fluorescence laser scanning microscopy
Fluorescence laser scanning microscopy, also called laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, is an optical microscopy method that builds images pixel by pixel with a scanned laser.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) maps the decay time of fluorescence from every pixel of labeled cells or tissue, enabling FRET measurements, metabolic imaging, and clinical tissue sensing.
Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
Fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) is a live-cell microscopy technique in which a small region is bleached repeatedly with a laser, revealing how proteins diffuse and move between cellular compartments.
Fluorescence microscope
A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that excites fluorescent molecules in a specimen and separates their weaker emitted light from the excitation, revealing labeled structures with high contrast.
Fluorescence Microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy images fluorophore-labeled specimens by detecting longer-wavelength emitted light; spans widefield, confocal, TIRF, two-photon, light sheet, and super-resolution modalities with distinct resolution, depth, and speed trade-offs.
Fluorescence molecular tomography
Fluorescence molecular tomography, also called fluorescence tomography, is an optical imaging method that reconstructs 3D distributions of fluorescent probes inside living tissue from surface measurements.
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay
A fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a homogeneous competitive immunoassay that quantifies small analytes like drugs and hormones in minutes, used in therapeutic drug monitoring and food testing.
Fluorescence polarization microscopy
Fluorescence polarization microscopy is a fluorescence technique that measures emission polarization pixel by pixel to map the orientation, clustering, and rotational mobility of labeled biomolecules in cells.
Fluorescence speckle microscopy
Fluorescence speckle microscopy, also known as fluorescent speckle microscopy, is a live-cell imaging technique that measures assembly, movement, and turnover of cytoskeletal filaments by imaging a small fraction of fluorescently labeled subunits as speckles.
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy, also known as fluorometry or spectrofluorimetry, is an analytical technique measuring light re-emitted by a substance after it absorbs ultraviolet or visible light.
Fluorescence staining
Fluorescence staining attaches fluorescent dyes to specific structures or biomolecules in cells and tissues so they can be visualized under a fluorescence microscope, most often through immunofluorescence.
Fluorescence titration
Fluorescence titration is a sensitive spectroscopic method in which the fluorescence of a sample is monitored while a ligand or quencher is added in increments, to determine binding constants, stoichiometry, and quenching parameters.
Fluorescence-activated droplet sorting
Fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) is a microfluidic technique that sorts fluorescent water-in-oil droplets by dielectrophoresis at kilohertz rates, introduced by Jean-Christophe Baret and colleagues in 2009.
Fluorescence-based particle tracking
Fluorescence-based particle tracking, usually called fluorescent single-particle tracking (SPT), is a microscopy method that follows individual labeled molecules in living cells, yielding trajectories that reveal diffusion coefficients and molecular interactions.
Fluorescence-guided surgery
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a technique in which fluorescent imaging agents given before or during surgery make tumor tissue glow, enabling real-time visualization alongside the white-light field.
Fluorescent enzyme immunoassay
A fluorescent enzyme immunoassay is an immunoassay, a variant of ELISA, in which an enzyme-labeled antibody converts a substrate into a fluorescent product for sensitive detection.
Fluorescent ink
Fluorescent ink is a security printing ink, invisible in normal light, that glows under ultraviolet radiation; it is used on banknotes, stamps, and identity documents.
Fluorescent labelling
Fluorescent labeling attaches fluorescent dyes or proteins to biomolecules or cells so they can be visualized and quantified by fluorescence microscopy, spanning dye conjugation, labeled antibodies, and fluorescent proteins like GFP.
Fluorescent lamp
A fluorescent lamp, also called a fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp whose phosphor coating converts ultraviolet radiation into visible light, first sold by General Electric in 1938.
Fluorescent mechanophores
Fluorescent mechanophores are force-sensitive molecular units that change their fluorescence when mechanical force triggers bond scission or rearrangement, allowing stress mapping, damage detection, and cellular mechanobiology studies with standard fluorescence microscopy.
Fluorescent nanodiamond
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are diamond particles of several to about 100 nanometers whose nitrogen-vacancy color centers give photostable fluorescence, enabling long-term cell tracking, drug delivery, and intracellular quantum sensing of temperature and magnetic fields.
Fluorescent tagging
Fluorescent tagging is a bench biology method that attaches fluorescent proteins or dyes to biomolecules, letting researchers track their location and dynamics in living cells.
Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test
FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption) test: manual treponemal syphilis serology using fluorescein-labeled antibody and Reiter treponeme absorption; developed 1957–1964; CDC now prefers TPPA.
Fluorescent-lamp formats
Fluorescent-lamp formats are the standardized shapes of fluorescent lamps, mostly straight tubes whose T number gives the tube diameter in eighths of an inch, plus compact fluorescent lamps.