All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
GrapheneOS
GrapheneOS, formerly AndroidHardening, is an open-source mobile operating system based on Android that focuses on privacy and security hardening, with official support for Google Pixel devices.
Graphic design
Graphic design, also called communication design, is the art of planning and projecting ideas with visual and textual content. Covers its AIGA definition, 20th-century professional origins, specializations, tools, accessibility standards, and AI's mixed labor-market effects.
Graphic designer
Graphic designer: a professional who combines images, typography, and text to communicate messages. Also called communication designer; term coined by William Dwiggins in 1922; first book titled Graphic Design was Raffé's 1927 handbook; US median wage $62,960 (2025).
Graphic matroid
The graphic matroid, also called the cycle matroid, is the matroid on a graph's edges whose independent sets are forests and whose bases are spanning trees.
Graphic memoir
A graphic memoir is a long-form comic recounting the cartoonist's own life or family history as nonfiction, pioneered by Justin Green in 1972 and exemplified by Maus, Persepolis, and Fun Home.
Graphic Nature
Graphic Nature are a British metalcore and nu-metal band formed around London and Kent, fronted by Harvey Freeman and known for the album A Mind Waiting to Die (2023).
Graphic notation (music)
Graphic notation (music): non-traditional scoring using signs, symbols, and words instead of staff notation, associated with the 1950s New York School (Brown, Cage, Feldman, Wolff), Brown's December 1952, and Cardew's Treatise.
Graphic novel
A graphic novel is a book-length narrative in sequential art published in book form, not as periodical comic books. First named by Richard Kyle in 1964, popularized by Will Eisner's A Contract with God (1978); Maus won a Pulitzer in 1992.
Graphic violence
Graphic violence is the vivid, explicit depiction of violent acts and injuries in film, television, games, and other media. Also called gore, it is a content descriptor in rating systems like ESRB, and its behavioral effects remain debated, with corrected meta-analytic effect sizes near r = .08.
Graphical lasso
The graphical lasso (glasso) is an algorithm that estimates a sparse inverse covariance matrix using an l1 penalty, introduced by Friedman, Hastie, and Tibshirani in 2008.
Graphical model
A graphical model represents a joint probability distribution as a graph, with nodes for variables and edges for direct interactions; missing arcs encode conditional independence.
Graphical user interface
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a way of operating a computer through windows, icons, menus, and a pointer, pioneered at Xerox PARC and popularized by the 1984 Macintosh.
Graphical widget
A graphical widget, also called a UI control or GUI control, is a reusable interactive element of a graphical user interface, such as a button, text field, or menu.
Graphics
Graphics: visual representations in computing, spanning raster pixel images and vector formats like SVG, their rendering, web standards, print history, graphic design, and AI generation.
Graphics card
A graphics card, also called a video card or display adapter, plugs into a motherboard and carries a dedicated GPU, memory, and cooling to render images and accelerate parallel computation.
Graphics Core Next
Graphics Core Next (GCN) is a GPU instruction set architecture and microarchitecture family developed by AMD, introduced in 2011 with the Radeon HD 7000 series and ending with Vega.
Graphics processing unit
A graphics processing unit, or GPU, is a specialized electronic circuit that performs many calculations in parallel, originally for 3D graphics and now also for deep learning and scientific computing.
Graphics tablet
A graphics tablet, also called a pen tablet or digitizing tablet, is a screenless input device for drawing with a stylus, used in digital art, photo editing, and CAD.
Graphing calculator
A graphing calculator, also called a graphics calculator, is a handheld calculator that plots function graphs and typically adds scientific, statistical, and programmable capabilities.
Graphite
Graphite, also known as black lead, is a soft, gray crystalline form of carbon in which hexagonal sheets slide easily, making it a good lubricant and pencil material.
Graphite anode
The graphite anode is the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery, storing lithium between layered carbon sheets; it has been the commercial standard since the early 1990s.
Graphite Bio
Graphite Bio was a South San Francisco, California clinical-stage biotech that used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of blood stem cells to treat sickle cell disease, merging into LENZ Therapeutics in 2024.
Graphite crucible
A graphite crucible is a high-temperature container made wholly or partly from graphite-based material, used to melt and hold metals in metallurgy, semiconductor manufacturing, and photovoltaic crystal growth.
Graphite electrode
A graphite electrode is a consumable cylinder of artificial graphite that carries high electrical current into an electric arc furnace, melting scrap steel in electric arc furnace steelmaking.
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), or electrothermal atomization AAS, is an analytical technique that atomizes microliter samples in a heated graphite tube, measuring trace metals at parts-per-billion levels.
Graphite intercalation compound
A graphite intercalation compound (GIC) is a material in which atoms, ions, or molecules are inserted between graphite's graphene layers, first reported in 1841 and now central to lithium-ion batteries.
Graphite oxide
Graphite oxide, also known as graphitic oxide, is a layered material made by oxidizing graphite, first prepared in 1859 and now the main precursor for producing graphene oxide and graphene.
Graphitic carbon nitride
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a metal-free polymeric semiconductor of carbon and nitrogen, best known since a 2009 demonstration as a visible-light photocatalyst that splits water to produce hydrogen.
Graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysis
Graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysis uses g-C3N4, a metal-free polymeric semiconductor activated by visible light, to drive reactions such as hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation.
Graphitization
Graphitization is a heat-treatment process that converts amorphous carbon into crystalline graphite, typically at 2600–3300 °C in Acheson furnaces, producing artificial graphite for steelmaking electrodes, nuclear reactors, and lithium-ion battery anodes.