All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
History of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles
History of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles: waves from the Ottoman and Russian empires (1890-1924), the Middle East (1970s-1980s), and the post-Soviet period; Hollywood's Little Armenia, Glendale's roughly 40 percent Armenian population, and the city's new Armenian American Historic Context Statement.
History of art
History of art, also called history of the visual arts, is the scholarly discipline studying artworks and architecture, established as an academic field in the 19th century.
History of artificial intelligence
The history of artificial intelligence records efforts to make machines perform intelligent tasks, from the 1956 Dartmouth workshop through deep learning and the large language model era.
History of Asia
History of Asia: study of the continent's past across East, South, Southeast, Central, and West Asia; Chinese and Islamic pre-modern historiographical traditions, textbook history wars, and recent Big Asia approaches.
History of aspirin
History of aspirin: from ancient willow-bark remedies and Edward Stone's 1763 report, through Gerhardt's 1853 synthesis and Bayer's 1899 Aspirin trademark, to Vane's 1971 COX mechanism and modern antiplatelet use.
History of Assam
History of Assam: the Brahmaputra Valley's past, from ancient Kamarupa (Varman, Mlechchha, Pala dynasties) through the Ahom kingdom (1228-1826), the buranji chronicles, British rule after the 1826 Treaty of Yandaboo, and the 1979-1985 Assam Agitation.
History of association football
History of association football (soccer): codified in London in 1863 when the FA adopted Ebenezer Cobb Morley's 13 Laws; FA Cup and first England-Scotland international 1872, professionalism 1885, Football League 1888, FIFA 1904, first World Cup 1930.
History of astrology
The history of astrology spans celestial omen texts in second-millennium BCE Mesopotamia, a Hellenistic synthesis that created the horoscope, and Islamic and medieval European scholarship.
History of astronomy
The history of astronomy records how humans observed and explained the sky, from Babylonian eclipse prediction by 700 BCE to Hipparchus, Tycho Brahe, and space telescopes.
History of atheism
History of atheism: the development of denial or absence of belief in God or gods, from Greek atheos (fifth century BC) and Indian Carvaka materialism through early modern cases like Aikenhead (executed 1697), Diderot's self-declared atheism, and nineteenth-century scientific and humanistic streams, to New Atheism.
History of Athens
History of Athens: Greek city in Attica, birthplace of democracy via Cleisthenes' 508 BC reforms, imperial power of the Delian League, twice-broken democracy (411, 404 BC), later Macedonian, Roman, and Ottoman rule, and capital of Greece since 1834.
History of Australia
History of Australia: 65,000+ years of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander occupation, British colonization from the 1788 First Fleet, gold-rush migration, 1901 Federation, Stolen Generations, and the failed 2023 Voice referendum.
History of Australia (1788–1850)
History of Australia 1788–1850: British colonization from the First Fleet at Sydney Cove under Arthur Phillip through the convict transportation era, colonial expansion, frontier conflict, and the Australian Colonies Government Act 1850.
History of Austria
History of Austria: from Celtic Noricum and the 996 Ostarrichi deed through Habsburg rule (1278–1918), the 1867 Dual Monarchy, the 1938 Anschluss, the 1955 State Treaty and neutrality, to EU membership in 1995.
History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
History of Austria-Hungary in World War I: the dual monarchy's path from the 1914 ultimatum and war on Serbia through front failures, the home-front food crisis and hunger winter, strikes, Karl I's failed peace efforts, and the 3 November 1918 Villa Giusti armistice and collapse.
History of aviation
The history of aviation covers the development of flying machines from the Wright brothers' first powered, controlled flight in 1903 through the jet age and mass air travel.
History of aviation in Bangladesh
The history of aviation in Bangladesh spans from 1941 wartime airfields near Dhaka to the founding of Biman Bangladesh Airlines in 1972 and later private airlines.
History of aviation in Canada
The history of aviation in Canada spans the 1909 Silver Dart flight at Baddeck, the bush-flying era, the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, and Air Canada's rise and privatization.
History of aviation in Japan
The history of aviation in Japan covers the post-1945 Allied ban, civil aviation's 1952 resumption, the JAL and ANA duopoly, the YS-11 airliner, and later deregulation.
History of aviation in the Soviet Union
The history of aviation in the Soviet Union covers state-run civil and military aviation from 1945 to 1991, when Aeroflot became the world's largest airline.
History of Baghdad
The history of Baghdad (بغداد) spans the Abbasid capital on the Tigris, founded by caliph al-Mansur in 762 CE, which became the leading center of Islamic scholarship for centuries.
History of Bahrain
History of Bahrain: the Gulf archipelago's past from Dilmun (earliest mention 3300 BC), Tylos, Islam in the 7th century, Portuguese and Safavid rule, Al Khalifa rule from 1783, British treaties from 1820, oil in 1932, and independence on 15 August 1971.
History of ballet
History of ballet: from Renaissance court dance and the 1581 Balet comique de la Royne through Louis XIV's 1669 academy, Romantic pointe work, Petipa's Russian classics, Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, and Balanchine's New York City Ballet.
History of Bangladesh
History of Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস): the Bengal delta from Vanga, Gupta, Pala and Sena rule through 1947 partition, East Pakistan, the 1971 Liberation War, and post-independence politics and economic growth.
History of banking
The history of banking runs from medieval money changers who assayed coin to today's globally regulated institutions, repeatedly reshaped by crises including the Great Depression and 2008.
History of Barbados
History of Barbados: English colony from February 1627, Sugar Revolution of the 1640s, first slave codes of 1661, emancipation 1838, riots of 1937, independence 30 November 1966, and republic status on 30 November 2021 under President Dame Sandra Mason.
History of Barcelona
History of Barcelona, from the Roman colony of Barcino (Julia Augusta Faventia Paterna Barcino, founded 15-13 BC) through the medieval city, the 1860 Cerdà Plan Eixample, the civil war and Franco era, to the transformative 1992 Olympics and the modern tourism boom.
History of baseball
History of baseball: the game's contested origins (Doubleday and Cartwright myths, rounders debate), the 1845 Knickerbocker rules and 1857 convention, rule evolution, the Deadball Era, 1947 integration, and the 2023 pitch-timer rules.
History of baseball in the United States
History of baseball in the United States: from 1840s children's game through the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, first openly professional team, leagues, Negro Leagues, integration, television, and modern rule changes.
History of basketball
History of basketball: invented by James Naismith in December 1891 at the Springfield, Massachusetts YMCA Training School with peach baskets, a soccer ball, and 13 rules; spread by the YMCA, standardized by FIBA in 1932, and reshaped by the 1954 shot clock and 1979 NBA three-point line.