All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
History of Switzerland
History of Switzerland: from the 1291 Federal Charter and Old Swiss Confederacy through the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803), Mediation, Federal Treaty of 1815, Sonderbund War, and the 1848 federal state to modern neutrality.
History of syphilis
History of syphilis: Treponema pallidum infection, first epidemic in Europe in 1495, named by Fracastoro in 1530; treated with mercury, Salvarsan, then penicillin (1943); includes the Tuskegee untreated-syphilis study (1932–1972) and modern resurgence.
History of Syracuse, Sicily
History of Syracuse, Sicily (Siracusa): Corinthian colony founded 734 BC on Ortygia, dominant Greek power of Sicily under tyrants Gelon, Dionysius I, and Hiero II, taken by Rome in 212 BC, then Byzantine, Arab, and Norman rule.
History of Syria
History of Syria: from Bronze Age Ebla, Mari, and Ugarit through Ottoman rule, the French Mandate, independence in 1946, Baath and Assad family rule from 1963 and 1970, the 2011 civil war, and Assad's fall on 8 December 2024.
History of Taiwan
History of Taiwan (台灣歷史): five millennia of Austronesian indigenous settlement, then Dutch, Spanish, Zheng, Qing, Japanese, and ROC rule; ceded 1895, ROC rule 1945, martial law 1949–1987, democracy from 1996.
History of Tamil Nadu
History of Tamil Nadu: the southern Indian Tamil region from Sangam-age Chera, Chola and Pandya kingdoms through Pallava, Imperial Chola, Vijayanagar, Nayak and British rule to the modern Dravidian-model state, urbanized and industrially advanced.
History of Tanzania
History of Tanzania: from Olduvai Gorge early humans and the Swahili trading city of Kilwa, through German and British colonial rule, Tanganyika's 1961 independence, the 1964 union with Zanzibar, ujamaa socialism, and multiparty politics under CCM rule.
History of Target Corporation
Target Corporation began as the Dayton Company, a Minneapolis department-store business incorporated in 1902, opened its first Target store in Roseville, Minnesota, in 1962, and reached $106.6 billion in fiscal 2024 net sales.
History of Taron
The History of Taron (Patmutʻiwn Tarōnoy) is a medieval Armenian text claiming to describe the Christianization of Tarōn, near Lake Van; scholars date it to the 980s.
History of tattooing
History of tattooing: permanent skin marking documented for at least 5,000 years, from Ötzi the Iceman and Predynastic Egypt to Polynesian tatau, penal tattooing, and the 1891 electric tattoo machine.
History of taxation in the United Kingdom
The history of taxation in the United Kingdom traces how the British state raised revenue, from medieval customs duties to income tax, introduced in 1799.
History of taxation in the United States
History of taxation in the United States: the shift from tariff-based federal finance to income taxes, postwar reforms since 1945, the 2017 TCJA (top rate 39.6% to 37%), its scheduled 2025 expirations, and the 2025 OBBBA making the post-2017 rate tables permanent.
History of tea
History of tea: how Camellia sinensis, originating in southwest China, spread from Han and Tang China and Lu Yu's Ch'a Ching to Japan, Europe, India, and a 35-country global industry.
History of tea in India
History of tea in India: from the 1820s discovery of indigenous Assam tea by Robert Bruce and the 1834 Tea Committee, through colonial plantations and indenture, to today's Tea Board-governed industry, the world's largest black tea producer.
History of technology
The history of technology is the record of human tools and machines, running from Paleolithic stone implements and cuneiform writing through steam, electricity, and computing to the internet.
History of Telangana
History of Telangana: the Deccan region's past from the Asmaka janapada and Satavahanas (230 BCE–220 CE) through Kakatiya Warangal, Qutb Shahi Hyderabad (founded 1591), the Nizams (1724–1948), the 1956 merger, and statehood on 2 June 2014 as India's 29th state.
History of telecommunication
The history of telecommunication traces how information traveled over distance, from French semaphore towers through the electric telegraph, telephone, radio, submarine cables, satellites, fiber optics, and mobile networks.
History of telegraphy in Australia
Telegraphy in Australia began with Victoria's first telegraph line, opened between Melbourne and Williamstown in 1854, and culminated in the 1872 Overland Telegraph Line to Darwin.
History of telegraphy in Russia and the Soviet Union
The history of telegraphy in Russia and the Soviet Union covers telegraph systems from the 1790s until the late twentieth century, built and run by the state.
History of television
History of television: from 19th-century selenium experiments and Baird's 1926 mechanical TV demonstration through electronic broadcasting, the 1939 World's Fair debut, postwar color TV, cable, and the streaming era.
History of tennis
History of tennis, from medieval French jeu de paume and real tennis to Wingfield's 1873 lawn tennis, Wimbledon 1877, the four Grand Slams, the 1968 open era, and the Original 9.
History of terrorism
History of terrorism: from the French Revolution's Terror, through anarchist propaganda by the deed and anti-colonial violence, to post-9/11 jihadist insurgency and today's Sahel-centered, AI-assisted terrorist threat.
History of Tesla, Inc.
The history of Tesla, Inc. began with its 2003 founding in California, leading to the 2008 Roadster and its growth into a mass-market electric car maker.
History of Texas
Texas history covers Spanish colonial rule in the 18th century, the Republic of Texas, and its statehood in 1845. It was the seventh state to secede in 1861.
History of Thailand
History of Thailand, formerly Siam (สยาม): from Ban Chiang prehistory through Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, Thonburi, and Rattanakosin; the 1855 Bowring Treaty, preservation of independence, the 1932 end of absolute monarchy, and coup-prone modern politics.
History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks): Short Course
The History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks): Short Course (История ВКП(б). Краткий курс) is the official Soviet party history of 1938, compiled with Stalin's extensive participation.
History of the alphabet
The history of the alphabet covers how scripts recording individual speech sounds developed, beginning with the Proto-Sinaitic script roughly 4,000 years ago and leading to Phoenician, Greek, and Latin.
History of the Americas
History of the Americas: human settlement from Asia via Beringia and coastal routes (14,000 to perhaps 21,000+ years ago), pre-Clovis sites, Indigenous civilizations including Maya, Aztec, and Inca, and the post-1492 Columbian Exchange.
History of the ancient Levant
History of the ancient Levant: the eastern Mediterranean region (western Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan) from Neolithic farming villages through Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms, Phoenician trade, and Byzantine urban collapse.
History of the Armenian Church
The history of the Armenian Church spans Armenia's adoption of Christianity as state religion under King Trdat around 314 to the church's modern dispersed condition.