All articles starting with O
9,097 articles
Organic Rankine cycle
The Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) converts heat into power using an organic fluid with a lower boiling point than water, suited to sources from 80 to 300 °C.
Organic reaction
An organic reaction, also called an organic chemical reaction, is a chemical reaction involving organic compounds, in which covalent bonds in carbon-containing molecules are broken and formed.
Organic Reactions
Organic Reactions is an American book series of critical review chapters on individual synthetic organic reactions, published by John Wiley & Sons since 1942 and run by a nonprofit whose editors serve without pay.
Organic Regulations
The Organic Regulations (Regulamentele Organice) were the first quasi-constitutional laws of Wallachia and Moldavia, promulgated in 1831 and 1832 under Russian occupation, introducing the separation of powers.
Organic semiconducting single-crystal arrays
Organic semiconducting single-crystal arrays are ordered, position-controlled arrangements of organic semiconductor single crystals on one substrate, enabling uniform transistor arrays for flexible displays, wearables, sensors, and organic integrated circuits.
Organic semiconductor
An organic semiconductor is a carbon-based material that conducts charge between insulator and metal levels and serves as the active layer in OLEDs, solar cells, and transistors.
Organic semiconductor laser diode
An organic semiconductor laser diode is a laser diode whose light-emitting medium is an organic semiconductor, driven by electric current rather than an external optical pump.
Organic solar cell
An organic solar cell, also called an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device, is a solar cell that converts light to electricity using carbon-based semiconductors, with certified efficiencies now above 20%.
Organic spin valve
An organic spin valve is a spintronic device in which an organic semiconductor layer sits between two ferromagnetic electrodes, so their magnetic alignment changes the device's resistance.
Organic spintronics
Organic spintronics is the branch of spintronics in which organic semiconductors transport spin-polarized carriers, combining spin electronics with the flexibility and low cost of organic materials.
Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland (1832)
The Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland, issued by Tsar Nicholas I in 1832, declared Poland an inseparable part of Russia and abolished its Sejm and army.
Organic sulfide
An organic sulfide, also called a thioether, is an organosulfur compound with the structure R–S–R, the sulfur analog of an ether that includes dimethyl sulfide.
Organic superconductor
An organic superconductor is a superconducting material built from carbon-based molecules rather than inorganic lattices, first reported in 1980 by Denis Jérôme and Klaus Bechgaard.
Organic synaptic transistors
Organic synaptic transistors are organic semiconductor devices that mimic biological synapses by changing conductance with voltage pulses, underpinning neuromorphic computing and biocompatible bioelectronics, often built as organic electrochemical transistors.
Organic Syntheses
Organic Syntheses is an annual publication of checked procedures for preparing organic compounds, published since 1921, with every procedure reproduced by an editor before publication.
Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis, also called synthetic organic chemistry, is the branch of chemistry that deliberately builds organic compounds, a field dated to Friedrich Wöhler's 1828 synthesis of urea.
Organic tandem solar cell
An organic tandem solar cell (OTSC) is a photovoltaic device stacking two or more organic subcells that absorb different parts of the solar spectrum, first demonstrated in 1990.
Organic TFT backplane
An organic TFT backplane is a display transistor layer made of organic semiconductors, processable below 100 °C on plastic and used in flexible E Ink and OLED displays.
Organic thermoelectric generator
An organic thermoelectric generator (OTEG) is a solid-state device that converts low-grade heat into electricity using flexible, printable organic semiconductors, aimed chiefly at wearable energy harvesting and Internet-of-Things sensors.
Organic thermoelectrics
Organic thermoelectrics (OTE) are thermoelectric materials based on conjugated polymers and small molecules that convert heat into electricity or pump heat for cooling, pursued for their flexibility, low weight, and solution processability.
Organic work
Organic work (Polish: praca organiczna) was a nineteenth-century Polish program of legal, peaceful economic, educational, and social self-strengthening under the partitions, pursued in place of armed insurrection after 1863.
Organisation armée secrète
Organisation armée secrète (OAS), French clandestine terrorist organization founded in early 1961 by Lagaillarde, Susini, and generals Salan and Jouhaud to oppose Algerian independence; waged bombing campaigns in Algeria and France, 1961–1962.
Organisation commune des régions sahariennes
The Organisation commune des régions sahariennes (OCRS) was a French body, created in 1957 to develop the Sahara and keep it separate from Algeria until 1962.
Organisation for European Economic Co-operation
The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) was a body founded in Paris in 1948 to allocate Marshall Plan aid, replaced by the OECD in 1961.
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons is an intergovernmental body in The Hague that implements the Chemical Weapons Convention. It received the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize.
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), founded 1970 in Niamey as the ACCT, is the Paris-based intergovernmental body of 88 French-speaking states and governments, led by Secretary General Louise Mushikiwabo since 2018.
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles
The Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), or International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, is the world federation of automobile industry trade associations, founded in Paris in 1919.
Organisation of African Unity
Organisation of African Unity (OAU), pan-African continental body founded 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa by 32 states, grew to 53 members, led decolonisation and anti-apartheid efforts, and was replaced by the African Union in 2002.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (منظمة التعاون الإسلامي)
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (منظمة التعاون الإسلامي), founded in Rabat on 25 September 1969 as the Organization of the Islamic Conference, is a 57-member intergovernmental body headquartered in Jeddah, second largest after the UN, led by Secretary General Hissein Brahim Taha.
Organisation spéciale
L'Organisation spéciale (OS, "Special Organization") was the clandestine paramilitary wing of the Algerian nationalist party PPA-MTLD, created in 1947 to prepare armed insurrection against French rule.