All articles starting with P

Pharaoh ant

The Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis) is a small yellow to reddish-brown household ant distributed worldwide, a serious indoor pest because disturbed colonies split into new nests.

Pharaoh Hound

Pharaoh Hound (Kelb tal-Fenek), Malta's national rabbit-hunting sighthound with erect ears and a blushing nose; recognized by the FCI in 1963 and AKC in 1983; DNA shows no Ancient Egyptian link.

Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)

Pharaoh's daughter, called Bithiah in Jewish tradition, is the unnamed Egyptian princess in Exodus 2 who finds baby Moses on the Nile and adopts him.

Pharaohs in the Bible: unnamed "Pharaoh" (Egyptian pr-ˁA, Great House) in Genesis and Exodus; named rulers Shishak (Shoshenq I), Neco II, Tirhakah, and Hophra; Neco II killed Josiah at Megiddo about 609 BC.

Pharaon

Pharaon: French spelling of pharaoh; also a 17th-century French card game that became faro, the Partouche casino Le Pharaon in Lyon (opened 2000), Pharaon Casino in Yerevan, and the Cairo Baron Empain Palace.

Pharco football club

Pharco FC (نادي فاركو لكرة القدم) is an Alexandria-based Egyptian football club founded in 2010 and owned by Pharco Pharmaceuticals; promoted to the Egyptian Premier League in 2021, relegated, now in the Second Division.

Pharisees

The Pharisees (פרושים) were a Jewish sect of the late Hellenistic and early Roman periods, alongside the Sadducees and Essenes, whose practices shaped rabbinic Judaism after 70 CE.

Pharma (TV series)

Pharma (ഫാർമ) is a 2025 Malayalam Hotstar Specials web series directed by P. R. Arun, starring Nivin Pauly as medical rep K.P. Vinod who exposes a drug company; 8 episodes, JioHotstar, December 19, 2025.

Pharmac

Pharmac (Te Pātaka Whaioranga), New Zealand's Pharmaceutical Management Agency, created 1993, decides which medicines are publicly funded within a fixed budget via the Pharmaceutical Schedule, tenders, and PTAC advice.

PharmaCann

PharmaCann Inc., founded in Illinois in 2014, is a privately held Chicago-based cannabis company that grows and sells medical and adult-use cannabis through its Verilife and LivWell dispensary brands.

Pharmaceutical formulation

Pharmaceutical formulation combines an active drug with excipients into dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and injections. Covers immediate vs modified release, the 1952 Spansule origin of controlled release, solubility fixes, and DoE/QbD development.

Pharmaceutical industry

The pharmaceutical industry, also called the drug industry, discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs and vaccines, spending more on research and development than any other industry.

Pharmaceutical industry in India

Pharmaceutical industry in India, the 'Pharmacy of the World': third in global production volume, USD 30.47 billion exports in 2024-25, 20% of world generics, but about 65% API dependence on China, addressed through PLI schemes and bulk drug parks.

Pharmaceutical research

Pharmaceutical Research (Pharm. Res., ISSN 0724-8741) is a monthly Springer peer-reviewed journal, official journal of AAPS since 1984, covering drug discovery, development, and delivery; Scopus Q1, JIF 4.1 (2025).

Pharmaceutical Services

Pharmaceutical services are the services rendered by pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to support the health care system, from manufacturing and dispensing medicines to patient counseling and medication therapy management.

Pharmaceutical Vehicles

Pharmaceutical vehicles are inert liquid carriers or diluents, such as water, saline, oils, or syrups, in which active drugs are formulated or administered; USP Chapter 66 covers their composition, properties, and quality standards.

Oct 20, 2026

Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency

The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA; 医薬品医療機器総合機構) is Japan's independent administrative agency regulating pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and regenerative medicine products, established in Tokyo in 2004.

Sep 19, 2026

Pharmacia

Pharmacia, later Pharmacia & Upjohn and Pharmacia Corporation, was a Swedish pharmaceutical company founded in Stockholm in 1911, known for Sephadex and Nicorette, and acquired by Pfizer in 2003.

Pharmacies

Pharmacies (community pharmacies, drugstores, chemists) are licensed establishments where pharmacists dispense medicines and provide counseling, vaccination, and medication services; regulated since Frederick II's 13th-century edict, professionalized from 1841, now facing US closures of over 29% from 2010 to 2021.

Pharmacist

Pharmacist: licensed health-care professional trained in medicines who dispenses prescriptions, counsels patients, and provides care such as vaccination; U.S. median pay $140,910 (May 2025), Pharm.D. required, prescribing authority expanding internationally.

Pharmacodynamic model

A pharmacodynamic model is a statistical or mechanistic model describing how the magnitude of a drug's effect depends on drug concentration over time, as in the Emax model.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics: the study of drug effects on the body, covering dose–response curves (EC50, Emax), agonists and antagonists, therapeutic index, spare receptors, tolerance, PD drug interactions, and modern GPCR biased agonism.

Oct 10, 2026

Pharmacoeconomics

Pharmacoeconomics is the branch of health economics that identifies, measures, and compares the costs and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services to judge whether medicines are worth their cost.

Pharmacogenetic testing

Pharmacogenetic testing is a diagnostic method that analyzes a patient's germline DNA variants to predict drug response and toxicity risk, guiding medication selection and dosing before or during treatment.

Pharmacogenomic testing

Pharmacogenomic testing is a genetic test that analyzes DNA variants to predict how a patient will respond to medications, guiding drug selection and dosing in personalized medicine.

Oct 20, 2026

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (PGx): study of how genetic variation affects drug efficacy, toxicity, and treatment failure. Grew from pharmacogenetics (Motulsky 1957, Vogel 1959) into genome-wide personalized drug therapy.

Pharmacognosy

Pharmacognosy, also called the study of natural drugs, is the science of drugs of natural origin from plants, animals, and microbes, covering identification, quality control, and drug discovery; Dioscorides is its founding figure and WHO now harmonizes herbal standards via the International Herbal Pharmacopoeia.