All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling is a quantitative approach linking drug concentration to drug effect over time; introduced by Sheiner in 1979, it is now central to drug development and dosing.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (PK), the ADME science of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; term coined by Dost 1953, first PBPK model by Teorell 1937; spans compartmental, noncompartmental, PBPK, and population PK modeling used in FDA drug review.
Pharmacological research
Pharmacological Research (Pharmacol Res, ISSN 1043-6618/1096-1186) is an Elsevier monthly pharmacology journal founded in 1989, Italian Pharmacological Society official journal 1989-2011, gold open access since 2023, Q1 with CiteScore 19.1.
Pharmacological reviews
Pharmacological Reviews (ISSN 0031-6997 print, 1521-0081 online) is ASPET's bimonthly review-only pharmacology journal, founded 1949 as JPET supplements, standalone from 1951, publishing IUPHAR nomenclature reports.
Pharmacology
Pharmacology: the science of how medicines interact with the body, spanning pharmacokinetics (ADME) and pharmacodynamics. Founded as an experimental discipline by Schmiedeberg; distinct from pharmacy; now includes pharmacogenomics, pharmacovigilance, and AI-driven drug development.
Pharmacology of antidepressants
The pharmacology of antidepressants covers drugs for major depressive disorder, from the 1950s discoveries of iproniazid and imipramine through SSRIs like Prozac to ketamine.
Pharmacology of ethanol
Pharmacology of ethanol: how alcohol (ethanol, drinking alcohol) is absorbed and metabolized via ADH/ALDH and CYP2E1, its actions on GABA_A, NMDA, and other receptors, tolerance, drug interactions, and AUD pharmacotherapy.
Pharmacopeia Inc.
Pharmacopeia Inc. was a Princeton, New Jersey drug discovery company built on small-molecule combinatorial chemistry, listed on Nasdaq in 1995 and acquired by Ligand Pharmaceuticals in 2008.
Pharmacophore model
A pharmacophore model is a computational representation of the spatial arrangement of steric and electronic features a molecule needs to interact with a biological target, used in drug discovery.
Pharmacophore modeling
Pharmacophore modeling is a computational drug-discovery method that uses the spatial arrangement of chemical features needed to activate or block a biological target to screen compound databases.
Pharmacopoeia
Pharmacopoeia (φαρμακοποιΐα): legally binding official collection of quality standards and monographs for medicines, issued by national or regional authorities such as the Ph. Eur., USP-NF, BP, and JP, covering identity, purity, and strength testing.
Pharmacopsychiatry
Pharmacopsychiatry (Pharmacopsychiatria) is a Thieme-published, AGNP-affiliated peer-reviewed journal of psychopharmacology and psychiatric neurobiology, published since 1984, ISSN 0176-3679/1439-0795, indexed in MEDLINE.
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, a monthly peer-reviewed journal founded by Russell R. Miller in 1981 and official journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, publishing human pharmacology and drug therapy research.
Pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure
Pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure uses four drug classes, ACE inhibitors or ARNI, beta blockers, MRAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors, to reduce death and hospitalization in HFrEF.
Pharmacovigilance
Pharmacovigilance, also known as drug safety, is the science of detecting, assessing, understanding, and preventing adverse effects and other drug-related problems, as defined by the World Health Organization.
Pharmacy
Pharmacy: the profession and science of preparing, dispensing, and ensuring safe use of medicines; also called apothecary practice. Covers compounding, community and hospital practice, PharmD training, FIP sections, and expanding pharmacist prescribing.
Pharmacy benefit management
Pharmacy benefit management (PBM): companies like CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, and Optum Rx that administer drug benefits, design formularies, negotiate manufacturer rebates, and process claims; the Big 3 handle about 79-80% of US prescription drug claims.
Pharmacy technician
Pharmacy technician: a supervised support worker who prepares and dispenses medications in retail and hospital pharmacies. About 471,200 U.S. jobs in 2025, median pay $45,750, 6% projected growth 2025–35.
Pharmakon
Pharmakon (φάρμακον), ancient Greek for drug, remedy, or poison; root of pharmacology. Central to Plato's Phaedrus myth of Theuth and to Derrida's 'Plato's Pharmacy', linked to pharmakeus (sorcerer) and pharmakos (scapegoat), and later to Stiegler's pharmacology of technology.
PharmaResearch
PharmaResearch (주식회사 파마리서치) is a South Korean biopharmaceutical and cosmetics company in Gangneung, founded by Jung Sang-soo in 2001 and best known for Rejuran, a salmon-DNA skin-booster injection launched in 2014.
Pharmaron
Pharmaron (康龙化成) is a Beijing-headquartered contract research and manufacturing organization for the life sciences, founded in 2004, listed in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, and serving over 3,300 customers.
PharmEasy
PharmEasy is an Indian online pharmacy and diagnostics marketplace founded in Mumbai in 2015 by Dharmil Sheth and Dhaval Shah, operated under parent company API Holdings.
Pharnabazus II
Pharnabazus II (Φαρνάβαζος) was a Persian nobleman of the Pharnacid dynasty, hereditary satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia from about 413 BC, best known for his naval victory over Sparta at Cnidus.
Pharo
Pharo is an open-source, reflective, dynamically typed object-oriented programming language and live programming environment in the Smalltalk tradition, forked from Squeak in 2008 and released under the MIT license.
Pharoah Sanders
Pharoah Sanders (Ferrell Sanders, 1940-2022), American jazz tenor saxophonist from Little Rock; Coltrane sideman 1965-67, Impulse! spiritual jazz leader (Karma, Black Unity), 1988 Grammy winner, 2016 NEA Jazz Master, final album Promises (2021).
Pharoahe Monch
Pharoahe Monch (Troy Donald Jamerson, born 1972) is a Queens, New York rapper celebrated for multisyllabic wordplay, from the duo Organized Konfusion to solo albums Internal Affairs, Desire, W.A.R., and PTSD, plus th1rt3en and a Grammy for 'Gone'.
Pharos (crater)
Pharos is the largest known impact crater on Proteus, a moon of Neptune, a basin about 230 to 255 km across, named by the IAU in 1994.
Pharos of Portus Dubris
Roman lighthouse (pharos) at Dover Castle, Kent, serving the port of Portus Dubris; one of only three surviving Roman lighthouses, paired with a lost Western Heights tower and Boulogne's Tour d'Odre.
Pharr-San Juan-Alamo Independent School District
Pharr-San Juan-Alamo ISD (PSJA ISD) is a South Texas school district serving Pharr, San Juan, and Alamo in Hidalgo County, with about 29,000 students, an all-Early-College high school model, and a 2026 TEA A rating of 90.
Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams (born 1973, Virginia Beach) is an American singer, rapper, songwriter, and record producer; half of the Neptunes with Chad Hugo, N.E.R.D member, "Happy" hitmaker, 13-time Grammy winner, and Louis Vuitton creative leader.