All articles starting with P

Progesterone receptor

Progesterone receptor (PR, PGR gene): nuclear steroid receptor with PR-A and PR-B isoforms mediating progesterone action in uterus and breast; clinical biomarker for endocrine therapy response.

Progestin therapy is medical treatment with progesterone receptor agonists such as medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone, and levonorgestrel, used for contraception, bleeding control, endometrial protection, and endometrial hyperplasia.

Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation

Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) is an in vitro fertilization protocol in which oral progestin blocks premature LH surges; introduced in 2015, it requires freezing all embryos.

Progestogen Hypersensitivity

Progestogen hypersensitivity, formerly autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, is a rare cyclical allergy to endogenous progesterone or synthetic progestins, causing urticaria, dermatitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis in reproductive-age women.

Oct 20, 2026

Proglumide

Proglumide (Milid, Ulcutin) is a racemic glutaramic acid derivative and nonselective CCK1R/CCK2R antagonist, formerly marketed for peptic ulcer and now studied for opioid-sparing pain therapy and orphan cancer indications.

Prognathism

Prognathism: protrusion of the upper jaw, lower jaw, or both (Habsburg jaw for mandibular type). Genetic or syndromic causes; treated with orthodontics plus orthognathic surgery; East Asians show highest mandibular prevalence.

Progne

Progne (New World martins) is a genus of nine swallow species in Hirundinidae, established by Boie in 1826, ranging across the Americas; type species Purple Martin Progne subis.

Prognosis

Prognosis: the likely outcome or course of a disease, the chance of recovery or recurrence. Covers prognostic factors, survival statistics, prognostic prediction models, discrimination and calibration, and comparison with clinical judgment.

Prognosis and radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis

Prognosis and radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis covers predictors of joint damage, how X-ray progression is scored, why damage continues despite remission, and how treat-to-target therapy changed outcomes.

Prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia depends on age, white-cell count, genetics, and minimal residual disease, with five-year survival of about 93% in children but 10% to 20% in adults over 70.

Prognosis of heart failure

Prognosis of heart failure is the estimation of a patient's future risk of death, hospitalization, or disease progression, based on clinical variables, biomarkers such as BNP, and validated risk scores.

Prognoz

Prognoz (Прогноз, "Forecast") was a series of twelve Soviet scientific satellites launched between 1972 and 1996 to study solar activity, solar flares, and the Earth's magnetosphere.

Sep 19, 2026

ProgPower USA

ProgPower USA is an annual progressive metal and power metal festival in Atlanta, Georgia, held since 2001 and known for hosting European bands' first US appearances.

Prograde metamorphism

Prograde metamorphism is the recrystallization of a rock toward higher metamorphic grade as pressure, temperature, and fluid pressure rise; its gradual form is called progressive metamorphism.

Program counter

The program counter, also known as the instruction pointer, is a processor register that holds the address of the next instruction; branches and jumps change it.

Program database

A program database (PDB) is a file produced by a compiler or linker that records debug information, letting tools such as debuggers map machine addresses back to source lines and names.

Program Development

Program development: the planning and creation of purpose-designed actions or projects (also called program planning). Distinguished from program evaluation, which assesses implementation and outcomes within the same development cycle.

Program evaluation

Program evaluation is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data about programs, policies, and organizations to assess their effectiveness and efficiency, using designs such as randomized experiments.

Program evaluation and review technique

The program evaluation and review technique (PERT) is a project scheduling method using three time estimates per task, developed for the US Navy's Polaris program in 1957.

Program management

Program management is the coordinated management of a group of related projects and activities to obtain benefits and strategic outcomes that managing each project individually would not deliver.

Program music

Program music (programme music) is instrumental music descriptive of non-musical ideas, contrasted with absolute music; its main genres are the program symphony and symphonic poem, flourishing in the nineteenth century.

Sep 24, 2026

Program of the Omsk Government of Kolchak

The Program of the Omsk Government of Kolchak (Программа Колчака) is the program declarations of Admiral Kolchak's anti-Bolshevik government at Omsk, issued from November 1918 through 1919.

Program of Thoughts

Program of Thoughts is a prompting technique for large language models where reasoning is expressed as an executable Python program run by an external interpreter, introduced in 2022 by Wenhu Chen and colleagues.

Program slicing

Program slicing is a software engineering technique that extracts the statements affecting a variable's value at a program point, used mainly for debugging and testing.

Program synthesis

Program synthesis is the task of automatically finding a program that satisfies a user's intent given as a specification, long called the holy grail of computer science.

Program transformation

Program transformation is the systematic rewriting of a program, or its internal representation, into another form while preserving behavior, used for compiler optimization, refactoring, translation, and verification.

Program-aided language models

Program-aided language models (PAL) is a prompting method, introduced by Luyu Gao and colleagues in 2022, in which a language model writes a program that a Python interpreter executes.