All articles starting with R

Recombinant collagen polypeptide

Recombinant collagen polypeptide: collagen or collagen-like protein made in engineered E. coli, yeast, plant, or mammalian hosts instead of animal tissue; FDA GRN 1171 (Geltor, E. coli K-12 S9188) received a no-questions letter in October 2024.

Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA, also called gene splicing or rDNA technology, is laboratory-joined DNA from different species, first made with restriction enzymes in the early 1970s by Berg, Cohen, and Boyer, spawning the 1975 Asilomar conference, NIH Guidelines, and drugs like recombinant insulin.

Recombinant egg white protein (ovalbumin)

Recombinant egg white protein (ovalbumin, Gal d 2): chicken ovalbumin made by precision fermentation in Trichoderma reesei or Komagataella phaffii; FDA GRAS notices GRN 1104 and 1249; egg allergen labeling required.

Recombinant enzyme from Jiangsu Beijietai (bomitase alfa)

Bemitltenase alfa (波米泰酶α, STSP-0601, trade name Bojia'ning 博佳凝) is a Russell's viper venom-derived coagulation factor X activator from Jiangsu BioJeTay (Staidson subsidiary), conditionally approved by NMPA in June 2026 for bleeding in hemophilia A/B adults with inhibitors >5 BU.

Recombinant hepatitis E vaccine (E. coli)

Recombinant hepatitis E vaccine (E. coli), brand Hecolin (益可宁), HEV 239; the first and only licensed hepatitis E vaccine, an E. coli-expressed ORF2 virus-like particle vaccine developed by Xiamen University and Wantai, licensed in China 2011 with 100% per-protocol phase 3 efficacy.

Recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (topical)

Topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF, FGF1, 艾夫吉夫) is a Chinese-approved wound-healing spray (100 U/cm² twice daily, 2–8°C storage) for deep second-degree burns, chronic ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers.

Recombinant human endostatin

Recombinant human endostatin (Endostar, 恩度, YH-16) is a soluble, N-terminally modified endostatin approved in China in 2005 for non-small cell lung cancer, unlike the insoluble wild-type endostatin whose US trials ended early.

Recombinant human epidermal growth factor derivative (topical)

Recombinant human epidermal growth factor derivative (重组人表皮生长因子衍生物), topical rhEGF with three extra N-terminal residues made by Shenzhen Watsin as Jinyinti (金因肽), a Chinese class-I biologic approved 2001 for burns, ulcers, and wound repair.

Recombinant human interferon alfa-1b

Recombinant human interferon alfa-1b (重组人干扰素α1b), China's first gene-engineering Class I new drug, cloned by Hou Yunde in 1982; brands SinoGene and Yundesu; used for viral hepatitis, pneumonia, and pediatric viral infections.

Recombinant human prourokinase

Recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK, 普佑克/Puyouke) is a CHO-cell-expressed fibrinolytic drug by Tasly, approved in China in 2011 for STEMI thrombolysis and the only marketed recombinant prourokinase product in China, with stroke and pulmonary embolism trials.

Recombinant human thrombopoietin

Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO, TPIAO, 特比澳), a thrombopoiesis-stimulating biologic by 3SBio; approved in China in 2005, the world's only commercialized rhTPO, treating ITP and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.

Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (Zelgen)

Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) is an injectable drug that raises TSH in thyroid cancer patients so radioiodine scans and thyroglobulin testing work without stopping thyroid hormone pills.

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC; ESAT6-CFP10 skin test)

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC), also called ESAT6-CFP10 skin test or 宜卡 (Yika), is a China-approved intradermal tuberculosis-infection test using BCG-absent ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigens, read at 48–72 hours.

Recombinant myoglobin

Recombinant myoglobin: bovine muscle protein made by engineered Pichia pastoris (Motif FoodWorks, GRN 1001, FDA no-questions 2021), yeast, bacteria, or plants to color and flavor meat analogues.

Recombination (cosmology)

In cosmology, recombination is the epoch about 380,000 years after the Big Bang when the universe cooled enough for neutral hydrogen to form, making the cosmos transparent to light.

Oct 22, 2026

Recombination layers in tandem solar cells

A recombination layer, also called the interconnecting layer (ICL), is the thin internal layer that connects the stacked sub-cells of a tandem solar cell in series so their voltages add.

Recombination line

A recombination line is an emission line produced when a free electron is captured by an ion and cascades downward, emitting photons at discrete frequencies.

Recombination protein 107

Recombination protein 107 (Rec107, Mer2) is a 314-amino-acid Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein of the RMM complex, essential for meiotic Spo11 double-strand break formation and regulated by CDK and DDK phosphorylation.

Recombination protein O, RecO

RecO (recombination protein O) is a bacterial RecF-pathway DNA repair protein that binds ssDNA and dsDNA, anneals complementary strands, and with RecR loads RecA onto SSB-coated ssDNA; distinct RecOR and RecFOR pathways exist.

Sep 29, 2026

Recombineering

Recombineering is a genetic engineering method that uses bacteriophage-derived recombination proteins in E. coli to edit DNA on plasmids, chromosomes, or BACs without restriction enzymes, with edits specified by short homology arms.

Recommendations from Iwamoto-senpai

Recommendations from Iwamoto-senpai (Iwamoto-senpai no Suisen, 岩元先輩ノ推薦), also called Recommendation from Mr. Iwamoto, is a supernatural historical mystery manga by Hiroshi Shiibashi, serialized in Ultra Jump since 2021, with a Studio Deen anime airing from July 2026.

Recommended Dietary Allowances

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are U.S. nutrient intake standards, first issued in 1941 by the Food and Nutrition Board, set at EAR plus two standard deviations to cover 97–98% of healthy people, now within the DRI framework.

Recommender system

A recommender system, also called a recommendation system or recommendation engine, is software that suggests items a user is likely to value, used by Google, Netflix, and Amazon.

Recomodulin

Recomodulin (リコモジュリン; generic name thrombomodulin alfa, development code ART-123) is a recombinant anticoagulant marketed in Japan by Asahi Kasei for disseminated intravascular coagulation, approved in 2008.

Recon Technology

Recon Technology, Ltd is a China-based oilfield services company traded on NASDAQ under the ticker RCON, providing automation equipment, software, and services mainly to CNPC and Sinopec.

Sep 24, 2026

Reconcentración

The Reconcentración was the forced relocation of Cuba's rural population into Spanish-held towns, ordered by Valeriano Weyler in 1896, causing an estimated 150,000 to 200,000 deaths.

Reconciliation (accounting)

Reconciliation in accounting is the process of comparing internal records against external statements, such as a bank statement, to identify and correct differences and confirm balances agree.

Reconciliation (United States Congress)

Budget reconciliation is the expedited congressional process created by the 1974 Budget Act (Section 310) to enact tax and spending law with a simple Senate majority, constrained by the Byrd rule and used for laws such as the 2017 tax act and P.L. 119-21.