774 articles
Pristis pectinata
Pristis pectinata, the smalltooth sawfish, is a Critically Endangered Atlantic sawfish ray with a toothed rostrum of 22-29 teeth per side, now mainly in Florida and the Bahamas, listed under the U.S. ESA since 2003.
Probarbus jullieni
Probarbus jullieni, Jullien's golden carp or isok barb (ikan temoleh), a large Mekong basin cyprinid up to 150 cm and 70 kg, spawning in winter; IUCN Critically Endangered and CITES Appendix I.
Prochilodus lineatus
Prochilodus lineatus (streaked prochilod, curimbatá, sábalo) is a large South American migratory detritivorous characiform fish of the Paraná-Paraguay basin, key to La Plata basin fisheries, farmed via hormone-induced spawning and introduced to Asia.
Protopterus
Protopterus, African lungfish, genus of four air-breathing freshwater sarcopterygian species in sub-Saharan Africa; family Lepidosirenidae with Lepidosiren, sister group to tetrapods, known for mucus-cocoon aestivation and a 40 Gb genome.
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, the spotted sorubim or pintado, is a large migratory South American pimelodid catfish of the São Francisco and Paraná basins, reaching 182 cm and 100 kg, spotted, overfished, and farmed.
Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum
Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, the barred sorubim or tiger shovelnose catfish (doncella), is a large striped pimelodid catfish of the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná, and other South American basins, reaching 105 cm and 70 kg, fished commercially and listed Least Concern but decreasing.
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Pseudopleuronectes americanus, the winter flounder (also blackback, lemon sole, plie rouge), is a right-eyed Pleuronectidae flatfish from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to North Carolina that spawns inshore in winter; IUCN Vulnerable, three U.S. managed stocks.
Pseudopolygnathus
Pseudopolygnathus (Branson & Mehl, 1934), type species P. prima, is an extinct conodont genus of Late Devonian to Carboniferous marine chordates, distinguished from Polygnathus by a large flared basal cavity and used in Famennian and Tournaisian biostratigraphy.
Pteraspis
Pteraspis, extinct Early Devonian jawless fish genus of armored heterostracans (Pteraspididae, named by Kner 1847), lived 419-409 Ma in shallow marine waters of Europe and North America; bottom-feeder with bony head plates.
Pterois volitans
Pterois volitans, the red lionfish (Linnaeus, 1758), is an Indo-Pacific venomous scorpionfish, sibling of P. miles, hybrid in origin, and the dominant invasive lionfish of the western Atlantic since 1985.
Pterophyllum
Pterophyllum is a genus of three South American freshwater cichlids known as angelfishes, disc-shaped fish with tall triangular fins; P. scalare is among the most popular tropical aquarium fish.
Pterygoplichthys pardalis
Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Amazon sailfin catfish (syn. Liposarcus pardalis), an armored suckermouth catfish of the Amazon basin; invasive worldwide via aquarium releases, 2n=52, IUCN Least Concern.
Pylodictis olivaris
Pylodictis olivaris, the flathead catfish or mudfish, a large ictalurid catfish native to the Mississippi River basin and Gulf Slope, introduced in at least 13 U.S. states; live-prey piscivore, up to 155 cm and 56 kg.
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a salmonid native to Pacific drainages of North America and Kamchatka, with an anadromous steelhead form; introduced worldwide since 1874 and a leading farmed fish, over one million tonnes produced in 2022.
Raja clavata
Raja clavata, the thornback ray or roker, an eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean skate of family Rajidae; oviparous, laying 140-160 egg cases yearly; IUCN Near Threatened globally, Endangered in the Mediterranean.
Rajidae
Rajidae, hardnose skates, is a family of Rajiformes skates (Blainville 1816) with 18 genera and about 165 species, found benthically in all oceans from Arctic to Antarctic waters, oviparous with mermaid's-purse egg cases.
Rajiformes
Rajiformes is the order of skates within Batoidea, also historically applied to batoid rays broadly; about 290 living species in 38 genera, four molecular families, oviparous benthic fishes with divided pelvic fins and tail electric organs.
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Rastrelliger kanagurta, the Indian mackerel (Japanese グルクマ), a schooling Scombridae fish of the tropical Indo-West Pacific; plankton feeder, highly commercial, IUCN Least Concern, FAO catches near 300,000 t.
Rastrineobola argentea
Rastrineobola argentea, the silver cyprinid (dagaa, mukene, omena), is a small pelagic cyprinid fish endemic to the Lake Victoria basin, reaching 8 cm, feeding on zooplankton, and supporting Lake Victoria's largest fishery by mass.
Red drum
The red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), also called redfish or channel bass, is a large marine gamefish native to Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts, named for the drumming noise males make.
Red garra
Red garra (Garra rufa), doctor fish or nibble fish, a Middle Eastern cyprinid grazer of the Tigris-Euphrates, Orontes, and Jordan basins; famous for spa pedicures, IUCN Least Concern, 14.1 cm max.
Red-bellied piranha
Red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri, syn. Serrasalmus nattereri), a schooling South American serrasalmid fish of the Amazon, Paraguay-Parana, and Essequibo basins; omnivorous predator and scavenger up to 50 cm, known for powerful interlocking teeth and single-bite brood-defense injuries to bathers.
Reef triggerfish
Reef triggerfish (Rhinecanthus rectangulus), also wedgetail triggerfish and humuhumunukunukuāpua'a, an Indo-Pacific territorial triggerfish of shallow surge-swept outer reefs, Hawaii's official state fish since 1984, IUCN Least Concern.
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, the Greenland halibut, is a commercially important right-eyed flatfish of the North Atlantic, Arctic, and North Pacific Oceans, living in deep water down to 2,000 m.
Remora
The remora, also called sharksucker or suckerfish, is a marine fish with a head suction disc, a modified dorsal fin, that attaches to sharks, turtles, and whales.
Requiem shark
Requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae) are a family of about 50 live-bearing sharks, including the tiger, bull, and blue sharks, found worldwide in warm seas and responsible for about half of reported shark attacks.
Rhamdia quelen
Rhamdia quelen, the jundiá or silver catfish (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), is a heptapterid catfish from Mexico to central Argentina, head of a species complex, farmed in southern Brazil.
Rhaphiodon vulpinus
Rhaphiodon vulpinus, the biara, is a monotypic dogtooth characin (Cynodontidae) of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Paraná-Paraguay-Uruguay basins; an elongate piscivorous migrant reaching 80 cm SL, IUCN Least Concern.
River shark
River sharks, genus Glyphis, rare tropical requiem sharks of Indo-West Pacific rivers and estuaries; euryhaline like the bull shark, with five described species, all IUCN-listed threatened.
Rivulidae
Rivulidae (New World rivulines), Neotropical killifish family of Cyprinodontiformes; about 450-501 species, annual species with diapausing eggs, includes the only self-fertilizing vertebrates (Kryptolebias).