Fish

Scardinius erythrophthalmus

Scardinius erythrophthalmus, the rudd, a Eurasian cyprinid minnow native from Western Europe to the Caspian and Aral basins; deep-bodied, red-finned, up to 61.7 cm, introduced to 23 US states via baitfish trade.

Scatophagus argus

Scatophagus argus, the spotted scat (金錢魚), is a euryhaline Indo-Pacific scat of estuaries and mangroves, 45 cm max, venomous spines, Least Concern, farmed and sold as food and aquarium fish.

Sciaenidae

Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums, is a family of about 290 species of ray-finned fishes whose swim bladder muscles produce drumming sounds, and it supports major commercial fisheries in tropical and warm temperate oceans.

Scomber colias

Scomber colias (Atlantic chub mackerel, Gmelin 1789) is a Scombridae pelagic fish of warm Atlantic waters, Mediterranean and southern Black Sea; max 55 cm, zooplankton feeder, IUCN Least Concern, distinct from S. japonicus.

Scomber japonicus

Scomber japonicus (chub mackerel, Pacific chub mackerel) is a Scombridae fish of subtropical Pacific and Indian Ocean waters, fished heavily by Japan, Korea, and China; Atlantic populations are now classed as Scomber colias.

Scomberesox saurus

Scomberesox saurus, the Atlantic saury (skipper, Makrelenhecht), a slender epipelagic saury of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean; schooling planktivore to 50 cm, depth 0-30 m, IUCN Least Concern, minor commercial and bait use.

Scomberomorus commerson

Scomberomorus commerson, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel or kingfish, is a large Indo-West Pacific scombrid pelagic predator, a highly commercial, overfished food and game fish, Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.

Scombridae

Scombridae, the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos, is a family of epipelagic marine fishes in Scombriformes with 15 genera and about 49-55 species, including endothermic tunas and the largest bony fishes.

Scombroid food poisoning

Scombroid food poisoning (histamine fish poisoning, scombrotoxism) is a chemical intoxication from histamine formed by bacterial spoilage of tuna, mackerel, mahi-mahi, and similar fish; it mimics allergy, responds to antihistamines, and is prevented by refrigeration.

Scophthalmus aquosus

The windowpane flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus) is a left-eyed flatfish of the northwest Atlantic, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to northern Florida, named for its nearly translucent body.

Scorpaena porcus

Scorpaena porcus, the black scorpionfish, a benthic Scorpaenidae fish of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, ambush predator on crustaceans, targeted by Mediterranean coastal fisheries.

Scorpaenidae

Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and rockfishes, is a family of mostly marine ray-finned fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas, whose dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines can bear venom glands.

Scyliorhinus canicula

Scyliorhinus canicula, the small-spotted catshark or lesser spotted dogfish, a small (to 100 cm) oviparous demersal catshark of the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean; IUCN Least Concern, sold as rock salmon or huss.

Sea bass

Sea bass is a common name for several marine food fish, chiefly the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), plus black sea bass, barramundi, and Japanese sea bass; euryhaline predators, farmed in Mediterranean sea cages and managed under size and bag limits.

Sea lamprey

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), Atlantic-native jawless parasitic fish invasive in the Laurentian Great Lakes via the Welland Canal; controlled since 1955 by the GLFC with TFM lampricide, barriers, and traps, reducing populations about 90%.

Seahorse

The seahorse is any of 46 species of small marine fishes in the genus Hippocampus, best known for male pregnancy, in which males carry the eggs.

Sebastes alutus

Sebastes alutus, Pacific ocean perch (POP), a long-lived rockfish (Scorpaenidae) of the North Pacific and Bering Sea, fished by trawl; slow-growing, to 98 years, four US stocks, none currently overfished.

Sebastes mentella

Sebastes mentella, deepwater redfish or beaked redfish (sébaste atlantique), a deep-dwelling North Atlantic rockfish (Sebastidae) from the Scotian Shelf to the Barents Sea; ovoviviparous, max age 75 years, managed in multiple stocks with ICES zero-catch advice in the Irminger Sea.

Sebastes norvegicus

Sebastes norvegicus, golden redfish (formerly misapplied Sebastes marinus), a long-lived ovoviviparous North Atlantic rockfish, 100–1,000 m depth, max 100 cm and 60 years; stocks severely depleted, zero-catch advice.

Sebastes paucispinis

Sebastes paucispinis, the bocaccio (also Pacific red snapper, salmon rockfish), is a large long-lived Pacific rockfish from Baja California to the Gulf of Alaska; its Puget Sound population is ESA-endangered while the southern stock has rebuilt.

Sebastes spp

Sebastes spp, the redfishes and rockfishes, a genus of about 110 livebearing scorpaenid fishes, mostly Pacific, with four North Atlantic commercial species (S. norvegicus, S. mentella, S. fasciatus, S. viviparus), extreme lifespans up to 200+ years, and major trawl fisheries.