774 articles
Short-tail stingray
Short-tail stingray (Bathytoshia brevicaudata, smooth stingray), a large Dasyatidae ray of southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan; up to 430 cm TL, IUCN Least Concern, ovoviviparous, venomous barbed tail.
Shortfin mako shark
Shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), also called mako or blue pointer: a fast lamnid shark up to 4 m, IUCN Vulnerable, overfished in the Atlantic but increasing in the North Pacific.
Shubunkin (朱文金)
Shubunkin (朱文金), a Japanese calico single-tail goldfish bred since 1892, named for "red brocade"; three forms, London, Bristol with heart-shaped tail, and American comet-type; hardy pond fish.
Siamese fighting fish
Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), or betta, a Southeast Asian labyrinth fish with an air-breathing organ; domesticated for staged fights since the 14th century, now a leading ornamental species with documented welfare concerns in small containers.
Siganus canaliculatus
Siganus canaliculatus, the white-spotted spinefoot or pearly spinefoot (Siganus oramin), is an Indo-West Pacific rabbitfish (Siganidae) to 40 cm, herbivorous, venomous-spined, IUCN Least Concern, and commercially fished and farmed.
Siganus rivulatus
Siganus rivulatus, the marbled spinefoot, is a Red Sea rabbitfish that invaded the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal after 1924, grazing down algal beds as a dominant Lessepsian invader.
Signata
Signata (†Signata Dante & Frizzell, 1965) is an extinct fossil cusk-eel (Ophidiidae) genus known from Eocene otoliths of the US Gulf Coastal Plain, with two species, S. stenzeli and S. nicoli; not to be confused with unrelated species named signata.
Sillago sihama
Sillago sihama, the northern whiting or silver sillago, is an Indo-West Pacific shallow-water sillaginid fish from the Red Sea to Japan and Australia, commercially fished, and the namesake of a cryptic species complex revised by genetics.
Siluridae
Siluridae, the sheatfishes, is a Eurasian family of catfishes (Rafinesque, 1815) with 12 genera and 108 species, defined by a long anal fin of 41-110 rays, no adipose fin, and the wels catfish Silurus glanis.
Silurus
Silurus (Linnaeus 1758) is a genus of about 18 Eurasian sheatfish catfishes (Siluridae), including the wels catfish S. glanis, up to 5 m and 330 kg, and the Amur catfish S. asotus; distinguished by XX/XY sex determination via amhr2y and an origin near China and Korea about 37.6 Ma.
Siphonodella
Siphonodella is an extinct conodont genus (Branson and Mehl, 1944) ranging from the latest Famennian to middle Tournaisian; Siphonodella sulcata defines the Carboniferous base, and its P1-element taxonomy underpins Tournaisian conodont zones.
Skate (fish)
Skates are flattened cartilaginous fishes (Rajiformes, 284 species) related to sharks and rays, with pointed snouts, thick tails, and egg cases (mermaid's purses) rather than live birth; they favor cold temperate and deep waters and support managed fisheries such as the NOAA Northeast skate complex.
Skipjack tuna
Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), also called ocean bonito or aku, is the world's most-caught tuna, a surface-schooling tropical tuna of all oceans taken mainly for canning, with record 2024 WCPO catch of 2,107,666 tonnes.
Small pelagic fish body oil
Small pelagic fish body oil (SPPFBO), GRAS Notice 102, is whole-body oil from sardine, anchovy, and similar planktivorous fish, rich in EPA and DHA, permitted in US foods up to 3 g/day combined.
Smallmouth bass
Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), bronzeback, a North American centrarchid game fish native to the Great Lakes and Mississippi basins, introduced worldwide; male nest-guarding spawner preferring 17-28°C waters, invasive where introduced.
Smelt (fish)
Smelt (Osmeridae) are small, silvery Northern Hemisphere fish with marine, anadromous and freshwater forms, including rainbow smelt, eulachon, Delta smelt, and the European smelt Osmerus eperlanus; several species are fished commercially and several are threatened.
Smoked salmon
Smoked salmon is salt-cured salmon exposed to wood smoke: cold-smoked below 32.2°C stays raw-textured, hot-smoked to 62.8°C internal cooks flaky. Related unsmoked cures include gravlax and lox; Nova style is cured then cold-smoked.
Snailfish
Snailfishes (Liparidae) are a family of marine ray-finned fishes with scale-less, elongate bodies and a sucking disk, holding the vertebrate depth record at 8,336 m.
Snakehead (fish)
Snakeheads, the family Channidae, are predatory freshwater fish native to Asia and Africa that breathe air with a special organ and can move over land; introduced populations are invasive in North America.
Sockeye salmon
Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), also red or blueback salmon, is an anadromous Pacific salmon from Northwest Alaska to Oregon's Deschutes River, spawning once before dying; kokanee is its freshwater form.
Sole (fish)
Sole is a common name for flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) with both eyes on one side of the head; the name spans Soleidae, Pleuronectidae, and Bothidae, covering Dover sole, English sole, and lemon sole.
Solea senegalensis
Solea senegalensis, the Senegalese sole, is a right-eyed flatfish native to the eastern Atlantic from France to Angola, established in the western Mediterranean, and a leading species for marine aquaculture in Southern Europe.
Solea solea
Solea solea (common sole, Dover sole; basionym Pleuronectes solea) is a commercially important demersal flatfish of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, burrowing in sandy bottoms at 10–60 m, spawning in coastal waters, with genetically distinct stocks and Data Deficient IUCN status.
Soleidae
Soleidae, the true soles, is a family of right-eyed flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) with about 32 genera and at least 180 species, benthic on sandy and muddy shelf bottoms; includes Solea solea, the common sole.
South American lungfish
South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa), sole South American member of Lepidosirenidae, an obligate air-breathing Amazon basin fish; first living lungfish named (1837), owner of the largest animal genome sequenced, about 91 Gb.
Southeastern Borneo
Southeastern Borneo is a freshwater ecoregion, number 746 in the Freshwater Ecoregions of the World scheme, covering southern Borneo's river basins, mostly in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Southeastern Ghats
Southeastern Ghats (FEOW ecoregion 716): a freshwater fish ecoregion of peninsular India covering the Cauvery and adjacent basins south of Pulicat Lake, draining to the Bay of Bengal, with endemic fish fauna.
Sparidae
Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies, a family of about 150-163 coastal percoid fish species in tropical and temperate seas; monophyletic only with Centracanthidae, dentition-based subfamilies non-monophyletic, key aquaculture species like gilthead seabream.
Spathognathodus
Spathognathodus (Branson & Mehl, 1941) is an extinct conodont genus of bladelike chordate fossil elements with a mid-unit basal cavity, ranging Devonian to Pennsylvanian and ancestral to platform genera like Pseudopolygnathus.
Sphyraena borealis
Sphyraena borealis, the northern sennet or picudilla, is a small western Atlantic barracuda (to 50 cm) from Nova Scotia to Brazil, schooling in coastal waters 10-65 m, feeding on small fishes, squids, and shrimps; IUCN Least Concern.