Fish

Thalassoma bifasciatum

Thalassoma bifasciatum, the bluehead wrasse (bluehead, cara de cotorra), is a Caribbean Labridae reef fish up to 15 cm, famous for socially controlled protogynous sex change completed in about 8 days.

Thaleichthys pacificus

Thaleichthys pacificus, the eulachon or candlefish, is an anadromous Pacific smelt from northern California to southwest Alaska, famed for its ~20% oil content, grease-trade culture, and threatened southern DPS listed under the ESA since 2010.

Thresher shark

Thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus, A. pelagicus, A. superciliosus) are pelagic sharks with an upper tail lobe nearly body-length, used in tail-slap strikes up to 35 m/s to stun schooling fish; all three are IUCN Vulnerable.

Thunnus maccoyii

Thunnus maccoyii, the southern bluefin tuna, is a large southern-hemisphere tuna spawning only off Java, listed IUCN Endangered, and managed by the CCSBT under quotas of 20,647 t (2024-2026).

Thunnus obesus

Thunnus obesus, bigeye tuna (ahi, patudo), a large Scombridae tuna of tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans; large eye, black-edged finlets, deep daytime dives, physiological thermoregulation; Atlantic and Indian Ocean stocks overfished, Pacific stocks not.

Thunnus orientalis

Thunnus orientalis, Pacific bluefin tuna, a large North Pacific tuna managed as one stock. Overfished to ~2% of unfished biomass by 2010, rebuilt past the 20% target by 2021; fishery worth nearly $1 billion a year.

Thunnus tonggol

Thunnus tonggol, the longtail tuna (also wrongly called northern bluefin tuna), is a small neritic tuna of the Indo-West Pacific, 47°N–33°S, up to 142 cm and 35.9 kg, slow-growing, IUCN Data Deficient, fished heavily in the Indian Ocean.

Thymallus

Thymallus (graylings) is a salmonid fish genus with a large sail-like dorsal fin, about 13 species across Eurasia and North America, East Asian origin, and the European grayling T. thymallus as type species.

Thymallus thymallus

Thymallus thymallus, the European grayling (Salmo thymallus Linnaeus 1758), is a salmonid river fish of the grayling zone; IUCN Least Concern globally but Critically Endangered in the Baltic HELCOM area, with major declines in Germany and Belgium.

Tiger shark

Tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), sole living member of genus Galeocerdo and family Galeocerdonidae; large tropical warm-temperate apex predator to 550 cm, generalist diet, ~30 pups after 15-16 months gestation, drives seagrass trophic cascades.

Tigerfish

Tigerfish (Hydrocynus, Alestidae), African freshwater predatory fish; six species including H. vittatus and H. goliath; strictly fish-eating, striped, sharp-toothed gamefish shaped by African Rift tectonics.

Tiktaalik

Tiktaalik roseae, an elpistostegalian lobe-finned fish from Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, about 375 million years old, discovered 2004 by Shubin, Daeschler, and Jenkins; transitional fish with wrist-like forefins, mobile neck, and sacral ribs.

Tilapia

Tilapia, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), is a group of African cichlid fishes and the world's second-most farmed fish, with nearly 6.8 million MT produced in 2023, 77% Nile tilapia, led by China and Egypt.

Tilefish

Tilefish, family Malacanthidae (golden tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps; blueline tilefish, Caulolatilus microps), are burrowing continental-shelf fish. Long-lived (up to ~50 years); Gulf of Mexico tilefish is high in mercury (1.45 ppm) while Atlantic tilefish (0.144 ppm) is a good choice.

Tinca tinca

Tinca tinca, the tench, is a Eurasian cyprinid fish of vegetated still waters, tolerant of 0-38 °C and low oxygen, split into Western and Eastern clades, endangered in the Balkans, invasive in North America, and pond-cultured since the sixteenth century.

TJ Aquarium & Pets Shop

TJ Aquarium & Pets Shop (特级水族及宠物店) is an aquarium and pet shop at 643 Jalan Ipoh, 51200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, selling tropical fish, pet food, and aquarium equipment, with pond and aquarium maintenance services.

Tobiko (とびこ)

Tobiko (とびこ, also tobikko) is salted, seasoned flying fish roe used as a crunchy sushi topping; larger, crunchier, and pricier than masago (capelin roe), naturally orange-red, sold dyed black, green, yellow, or red.

Tor tambroides

Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854), the Thai or Malaysian mahseer, is a large Southeast Asian cyprinid fish, Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List, long confused with Tor tambra and recently confirmed as a distinct species by genome-scale nuclear markers.

Torinae

Torinae (Karaman, 1971), the large barbs, is a subfamily of Cyprinidae containing the mahseer genus Tor and African hexaploid Labeobarbus; recognized as a full subfamily after Yang et al. 2015's tribe Torini.

Torpedo marmorata

Torpedo marmorata, the marbled electric ray (also marbled torpedo, spotted torpedo), is a solitary eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean electric ray of the family Torpedinidae that ambushes small bony fish with shocks up to 200 volts; globally IUCN Vulnerable since 2021.

Totoaba

Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), the largest croaker fish, endemic to Mexico's Gulf of Colorado... actually Gulf of California; collapsed fishery banned 1975; CITES Appendix I; IUCN Vulnerable since 2021; illegal swim bladder trade drives vaquita bycatch.

Trachinotus carolinus

Trachinotus carolinus, the Florida pompano (Atlantic pompano), a carangid food and sport fish from Cape Cod to Brazil; small-scale aquaculture established, high market value, evening feeding outperforms preferred morning feeding.

Trachinotus goodei

Trachinotus goodei, the palometa or pámpano listado, is a western Atlantic pompano (Carangidae) described by Jordan and Evermann in 1896, ranging from Massachusetts to Argentina, with 4 dark body bars and elongated fin lobes.

Trachinus draco

Trachinus draco, the greater weever, is a venomous sand-burying fish of the Trachinidae from the Black Sea, Mediterranean, and eastern Atlantic to Norway, 15–35 cm typical, stung by dorsal and gill-cover spines, treated with hot-water immersion.

Trachurus japonicus

Trachurus japonicus (Japanese jack mackerel, Japanese horse mackerel) is a carangid fish of the Northwest Pacific, from southern Japan and Korea to the East China Sea, a highly commercial schooling species, IUCN Near Threatened, with major purse-seine fisheries and commercial aquaculture.