774 articles
Roe
Roe is the ripe egg mass of fish and shellfish (hard roe) or the testes of males (soft roe), eaten worldwide; only salt-cured sturgeon roe qualifies as caviar under FAO usage.
Rohu
Rohu (Labeo rohita), also called rui, is a large freshwater carp of South Asian rivers and one of the three Indian major carps widely farmed in polyculture.
Rutilus caspicus
Rutilus caspicus, the Caspian roach or vobla, is a Leuciscidae fish of Caspian Sea drainages, formerly Rutilus rutilus caspicus; IUCN Least Concern (2024) but collapsed as a Volga-Caspian fishery resource.
Rutilus frisii
Rutilus frisii (kutum, Black Sea roach, vyrezub) is a large semi-anadromous cyprinid of Black, Azov, and Caspian Sea basins, reaching 70 cm and 8 kg, spawning in gravel rivers, IUCN Least Concern.
Rutilus rutilus
Rutilus rutilus, the common roach (European roach, Plötze), is a Leuciscidae cyprinid fish native from Europe to Siberia, IUCN Least Concern, max 50.2 cm, spawning in April-May, invasive where introduced.
Sablefish
Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), or black cod, is a long-lived deepwater fish of the North Pacific Ocean. It is highly valued in commercial fisheries for its oily flesh.
Sailfin molly
Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna, formerly Mollienesia latipinna), a livebearing poeciliid fish native from North Carolina to Mexico, tolerant of freshwater to 80 PSU salinity; male's sail-like dorsal fin, broods of 10-140 young, popular black molly aquarium fish, invasive in California and Hawaii.
Sailfish
Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), a circumtropical billfish with a sail-like dorsal fin, once split into Atlantic and Indo-Pacific species. Real top speed about 8.3 m/s, not 35 m/s; two populations, IUCN vulnerable.
Salangichthys microdon
Salangichthys microdon (Japanese icefish, shirauo, シラウオ) is a small translucent noodlefish (Salangidae, Osmeriformes) of the Northwest Pacific, up to 10 cm, living in brackish estuaries and lakes and fished commercially; IUCN Least Concern.
Salminus brasiliensis
Salminus brasiliensis, the dorado or dourado, is a large golden migratory gamefish of family Bryconidae in the Paraná, Paraguay, Uruguay, Madeira, and Jacuí basins; up to 100 cm, 31.4 kg, IUCN Least Concern.
Salmon
Salmon: anadromous fish including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Pacific Oncorhynchus species; hatch in rivers, feed at sea, return to natal streams to spawn; major wild fisheries, global aquaculture, and declining wild stocks.
Salmon as food
Salmon as food: flesh of Atlantic (Salmo salar) and Pacific (Oncorhynchus) salmon, eaten fresh, smoked, or canned; low-mercury FDA Best Choice, top traded seafood at 20% of export value, mostly farmed.
Salmon shark
The salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) is a large mackerel shark of the North Pacific, one of the principal predators of Pacific salmon, and possibly the most thermoregulating shark.
Salmonidae
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fishes comprising salmons, trouts, whitefishes, and graylings, native to the Northern Hemisphere and widely introduced for sport fishing and aquaculture.
Salmoniformes
Salmoniformes is an order of ray-finned fishes containing Salmonidae, the salmons, trouts, whitefishes, and graylings; placed in Protacanthopterygii, sister to Esociformes, with about 176–275 species depending on circumscription.
Sand tiger shark
The sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus), called the gray nurse shark in Australia, is a large coastal shark known for protruding teeth and hovering motionless.
Sander canadensis
Sander canadensis, the sauger (sand pickerel, doré noir), is a North American percid fish of large turbid rivers, a smaller walleye relative with spotted dorsal fins, saddle blotches, and no white tail tip; hybridizes with walleye to form saugeyes.
Sarcopterygii
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) are bony vertebrates with fins built on a central metapterygial axis, including coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods; lungfishes are the closest living fish relatives of land vertebrates.
Sarda sarda
Sarda sarda, the Atlantic bonito, is a coastal pelagic Scombridae small tuna of the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Black Sea; striped, fast-growing, heavily fished, and largely unmanaged in U.S. waters.
Sardine
Sardine, also pilchard, is a common name for small schooling clupeid fishes such as Sardina pilchardus and Sardinops sagax, fished worldwide for canned food and fishmeal; the U.S. Pacific sardine fishery is closed below a 150,000 metric ton cutoff.
Sardinella brasiliensis
Sardinella brasiliensis (Brazilian sardinella, sardinha-verdadeira), a western Atlantic clupeid sardine from the Gulf of Mexico to Uruguay; main marketed sardine in Brazil, possibly conspecific with Sardinella aurita, closed season October to February.
Sardinella lemuru
Sardinella lemuru, the Bali sardinella (lemuru), is a small schooling pelagic herring of the tropical Indo-West Pacific, 15-100 m depth, supporting major fisheries in the Bali Strait and the Philippines; long misidentified as S. longiceps.
Sardines as food
Sardines as food: small oily clupeid fish (Sardina pilchardus, Sardinops sagax) eaten fresh or canned; Codex reserves the name for pilchardus; rich in omega-3 and vitamin D; Pacific stock overfished with directed fishery closed 2025-26.
Sargocentron rubrum
Sargocentron rubrum, the redcoat or red squirrelfish (basionym Sciaena rubra, Forsskål 1775), is a nocturnal Holocentridae reef fish of the Indo-West Pacific with red and white stripes and a venomous cheek spine, established in the Mediterranean as a Lessepsian migrant.
Sarotherodon galilaeus
Sarotherodon galilaeus, the mango tilapia or Galilee cichlid (St. Peter's fish), is a mouthbrooding African cichlid native to the Jordan, Nile, and Niger systems, with flexible biparental care, filter-feeding diet, and aquaculture use in Africa and Israel.
Sarpa salpa
Sarpa salpa, the salema or salema porgy, is a Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic sea bream (Sparidae) whose adults graze seaweed and Posidonia seagrass; it is a protandrous hermaphrodite and can rarely cause hallucinatory fish poisoning when eaten.
Saurichthys
Saurichthys, saurichthyid saurichthyiform, extinct Triassic ray-finned predatory fish genus up to 2 m long, over 30 species after the end-Permian extinction, viviparous, with a shark-like spiral valve gut.
Sawfish
Sawfish (Pristidae) are rays with a long tooth-edged rostrum used to stun prey and sense electric fields. Five species, all IUCN Critically Endangered since 2021; threatened by bycatch and mangrove nursery loss.
Scaphirhynchus albus
Scaphirhynchus albus, the pallid sturgeon, is a large North American freshwater sturgeon endemic to the Missouri and lower Mississippi river basins, federally endangered since 1990 and critically endangered per the IUCN.
Scardinius
Scardinius is a genus of ray-finned freshwater fish in the minnow family Leuciscidae, commonly called rudds. It holds ten species, best known for the rudd.