128 articles
Parasympathectomy
Parasympathectomy is surgical removal or interruption of part of the parasympathetic nervous system, chiefly vagotomy for peptic ulcer (truncal, selective, highly selective), introduced by Dragstedt in 1943 and now largely superseded by drug therapy.
Partial colectomy
Partial colectomy, also known as subtotal colectomy, is an operation that removes a segment of the colon, most often to treat colon cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
Permanent colostomy
A permanent colostomy is an operation that brings one end of the colon through the abdominal wall as a lifelong stoma draining into an external pouch.
Posterior component separation
Posterior component separation (PCS) is an abdominal wall reconstruction technique that divides the posterior rectus sheath, allowing fascial closure of large ventral hernia defects wider than 10 cm.
Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty
Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) is a pediatric operation, introduced in 1982, that repairs anorectal malformations by dissecting through the midline to place a new anus within the sphincter muscle complex.
Preperitoneal repair
Preperitoneal repair is a hernia operation placing mesh in the space between the peritoneum and transversalis fascia, covering the myopectineal orifice so intra-abdominal pressure secures it.
Proctectomy
Proctectomy is an operation to remove all or part of the rectum, most often for middle or low rectal cancer and also for inflammatory bowel disease.
Proximal Gastric Vagotomy
Proximal gastric vagotomy (highly selective, parietal cell vagotomy): ulcer operation dividing vagal branches to the acid-secreting proximal stomach while sparing antral nerves, avoiding drainage; lower side effects but higher recurrence than truncal vagotomy.
Pyloromyotomy
Pyloromyotomy is a procedure that divides the muscle of the pylorus, the stomach's outlet, used mainly for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants and, as endoscopic G-POEM, for refractory gastroparesis.
Pyloroplasty
Pyloroplasty is a surgical operation that widens the pyloric valve between the stomach and duodenum, most often the Heineke-Mikulicz technique, to treat gastroparesis refractory to medication.
Rectal resection
Rectal resection, including the low anterior resection, is surgery that removes all or part of the rectum, most often to treat rectal cancer using total mesorectal excision.
Rectopexy
Rectopexy is a colorectal surgical operation that anchors a mobile rectum to the sacrum with sutures or mesh to cure rectal prolapse, performed by open, laparoscopic, or robotic access.
Relaparotomy
Relaparotomy is a second full laparotomy through a previously operated abdomen, done to treat bleeding, leaking intestinal suture lines, bowel necrosis, or abdominal abscess.
Restorative proctocolectomy
Restorative proctocolectomy removes the entire colon and rectum and joins an ileal pouch to the anus, preserving defecation; it treats ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis.
Right colectomy
A right colectomy, or right hemicolectomy, is surgery that removes the right colon with terminal ileum and lymph nodes, most often to treat cancer of the cecum or ascending colon.
Robotic inguinal hernia repair
Robotic inguinal hernia repair is a minimally invasive operation in which a surgeon uses a robotic platform to place mesh in the groin's preperitoneal space.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a bariatric operation that divides the stomach into a small pouch and reroutes the jejunum, treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Sigmoid colectomy
Sigmoid colectomy is an operation that removes the sigmoid colon to treat diverticulitis, tumors, or volvulus, with laparoscopic resection now preferred in the elective setting.
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy, also known as the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH), is a surgical procedure that repositions prolapsing internal hemorrhoids with a circular stapler, causing less pain but more recurrence than excisional hemorrhoidectomy.
Subtotal gastrectomy
Subtotal gastrectomy is an operation removing the distal 70% to 80% of the stomach, typically for distal gastric cancer, leaving a remnant reconnected by Billroth or Roux-en-Y reconstruction.
Taxis (medicine)
Taxis is the reduction of a displaced body part, such as an incarcerated hernia or dislocated joint, to its normal anatomical position by manual manipulation alone, without surgery.
Thoracoscopic esophagectomy
Thoracoscopic esophagectomy is a minimally invasive operation that removes the esophagus through small chest incisions, mainly for esophageal cancer, reducing pulmonary complications versus open surgery.
Total colectomy
Total colectomy is an operation that removes the entire colon from cecum to sigmoid, leaving the rectum in place, performed electively for inflammatory bowel disease or emergently for toxic megacolon.
Total mesorectal excision
Total mesorectal excision is an operation for rectal cancer that removes the rectum with its surrounding envelope of fat and lymphatics, the mesorectum, first reported by R. J. Heald in 1986.
Totally extraperitoneal repair
Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair is a laparoscopic operation for inguinal hernia in which a large mesh is placed in the preperitoneal space without ever entering the peritoneal cavity.
Transabdominal preperitoneal repair
Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair is a laparoscopic inguinal hernia operation in which the peritoneal cavity is entered and mesh is placed in the preperitoneal space.
Transanal Endoscopic Surgery
Transanal endoscopic surgery (TES): TEM, TEO, and TAMIS techniques for local excision of rectal neoplasms through the anus using CO2 insufflation and endoscopic optics; TEM introduced by Gerhard Buess in 1983, TAMIS in 2010.
Transanal excision
Transanal excision (TAE) is a surgical technique that removes rectal lesions and early tumors through the anus, without abdominal incision, as an organ-sparing alternative to radical resection for selected low rectal tumors.
Transanal total mesorectal excision
Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is an operation for mid and low rectal cancer in which the rectum and mesorectum are dissected through the anus, from below.
Transhiatal esophagectomy
Transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) is an operation that removes the esophagus through the diaphragmatic hiatus and a neck incision without opening the chest, performed mainly for esophageal cancer.