208 articles
Acetabular reconstruction
Acetabular reconstruction is the surgical rebuilding of the hip socket (acetabulum) after bone loss, using impaction bone grafting, jumbo cups, cages, or 3D-printed components to restore bone stock.
Acetabuloplasty
Acetabuloplasty is a pelvic osteotomy that reshapes or augments the hip socket to improve femoral head coverage in children and young adults with acetabular dysplasia.
Achilles tendon repair
Achilles tendon repair is the surgical treatment for a ruptured Achilles tendon, done by open, percutaneous, or mini-open techniques that rejoin the torn tendon ends with sutures.
Acromioplasty
Acromioplasty is a shoulder operation, usually arthroscopic, that removes the anterolateral acromion and coracoacromial ligament attachment to widen the rotator cuff's passage, though placebo-controlled trials show little benefit over exercise.
Adolf Lorenz
Adolf Lorenz (1854–1946) was an Austrian orthopedic surgeon from Weidenau, Austrian Silesia, known for the bloodless, non-operative treatment of congenital hip dislocation and for his wealthy 1902 American visit.
Akin osteotomy
The Akin osteotomy is a closing wedge osteotomy of the big toe's proximal phalanx, described by O.F. Akin in 1925, used to correct hallux valgus.
Alan Graham Apley
Alan Graham Apley (1914–1996) was a British orthopedic surgeon known for the Apley grind and scratch tests, for Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, and for the Pyrford FRCS course.
Albert Henry Freiberg
Albert Henry Freiberg (1868–1940) was an American orthopedic surgeon and first head of orthopedic surgery at the University of Cincinnati, known for describing Freiberg's infraction in 1914.
Ankle arthroplasty
Ankle arthroplasty, also called total ankle replacement, is an orthopedic operation that replaces the damaged ankle joint with an artificial implant, preserving motion in end-stage ankle arthritis.
Ankle arthroscopy
Ankle arthroscopy is an orthopedic procedure in which a small camera and instruments are inserted into the ankle joint to diagnose and treat conditions inside the joint.
Ankle fracture fixation
Ankle fracture fixation is a surgical procedure using plates, screws, or nails to hold broken ankle bones in anatomic alignment while they heal, typically within 24 hours of injury.
Ankle replacement
Ankle replacement, or total ankle replacement (TAR), is an orthopedic operation that resurfaces a damaged ankle joint with a prosthetic implant to relieve pain while preserving motion.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a spine operation that removes a herniated or degenerative neck disc through the front of the neck and fuses the adjacent vertebrae.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is an orthopedic surgical procedure that replaces a torn knee ligament with a tendon graft routed through bone tunnels, restoring knee stability.
Anterior cruciate ligament repair
Anterior cruciate ligament repair is a knee operation that reattaches a patient's own torn ACL rather than replacing it with a graft, as ACL reconstruction does.
Anterolateral ligament reconstruction
Anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) is a knee surgery, usually combined with ACL reconstruction, that controls rotational instability; a randomized trial found graft failure fell from 10.3% to 4.2%.
Arthrodesis
Arthrodesis, or joint fusion, is an operation that permanently fuses the bones on either side of a joint to relieve pain, correct deformity, and stabilize the limb.
Arthroereisis
Arthroereisis is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for flexible flatfoot, mainly in children, in which an implant in the sinus tarsi restores the medial arch without fusing the joint.
Arthrolysis
Arthrolysis is a surgical procedure that releases scar tissue, adhesions, and contracted capsule around a stiff joint, most often the elbow or knee, to restore motion.
Arthroplasty
Arthroplasty, or joint replacement, is reconstructive joint surgery replacing damaged surfaces with prostheses, most often hip and knee. Key facts: Glück's 1891 ivory hip implant, Charnley's 1960s cemented low-friction arthroplasty, osteoarthritis as main indication, 95% 14-year hip implant survival.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Finger
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Finger is surgery that replaces an arthritic or post-traumatic finger joint, usually the MCP or PIP joint, with an artificial implant to relieve pain and preserve motion.
Arthroscopic knee surgery
Arthroscopic knee surgery, or knee arthroscopy, is a minimally invasive procedure using a small camera and instruments through small incisions to treat meniscal tears and ligament injuries.
Arthroscopic lavage
Arthroscopic lavage is a surgical procedure that rinses a joint, most often the knee, with saline through an arthroscope to remove loose particles and inflammatory material.
Arthroscopic reduction
Arthroscopic reduction, also known as arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation (ARIF), is a minimally invasive technique that realigns fractured joint surfaces under arthroscopic vision, used mainly for tibial plateau and distal radius fractures.
Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a minimally invasive operation that reattaches a torn rotator cuff tendon to the humerus through small portals, offering faster recovery than open repair.
Arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Arthroscopic shoulder surgery is a minimally invasive orthopedic technique using a small camera to diagnose and repair the rotator cuff, labrum, and other shoulder structures.
Arthrotomy
Arthrotomy is the open surgical exploration of a joint, most often performed as an emergency operation to drain septic arthritis, especially of the knee, where arthroscopic washout is now usually tried first.
Artificial cartilage hydrogel
An artificial cartilage hydrogel is a water-rich, crosslinked polymer network engineered to replace or regenerate articular cartilage in joints; a 2022 Duke gel was the first to exceed cartilage's strength.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a two-stage cell-based surgery that repairs cartilage defects, chiefly in the knee, first reported in humans by Brittberg and colleagues in 1994.
Bankart repair
A Bankart repair is surgery that reattaches a torn anteroinferior labrum and capsule to the glenoid rim to stop recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, described by Bankart in 1923.