264 articles
HSK55718
HSK55718 (HSK-55718) is Haisco Pharmaceutical's intravenous, small-molecule non-opioid NaV1.8 inhibitor analgesic for moderate-to-severe acute pain, in Phase II trials in China, with ex-Greater China rights licensed to AbbVie in April 2026.
Hydrocodone
Hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive, a full mu-opioid agonist, sold mainly in combination products like Vicodin and Tussionex; DEA Schedule II since October 2014, with about 136 million US prescriptions in 2011.
Hydrocodone/paracetamol
Hydrocodone/paracetamol, also called hydrocodone/acetaminophen and formerly sold as Vicodin, is a prescription tablet combining the opioid hydrocodone with acetaminophen, prescribed in the United States for severe pain.
Hydrocortamate
Hydrocortamate (CAS 76-47-1) is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a hydrocortisone diethylaminoacetate ester, glucocorticoid receptor agonist used topically for dermatoses; marketed as Magnacort 0.5% ointment, US-approved 1956, now discontinued.
Hydromorphone
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), a semisynthetic Schedule II opioid agonist derived from morphine, two to eight times morphine's potency, no active metabolites, used for moderate to severe postoperative and cancer pain.
Ibufenac
Ibufenac (Dytransin, Boots), 4-isobutylphenylacetic acid, an NSAID anti-inflammatory analgesic marketed 1966 for rheumatic disease and withdrawn February 1968 for hepatotoxicity; predecessor of ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen (2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid; brands Brufen, Motrin, Nurofen, Advil) is an NSAID painkiller and fever reducer discovered by Stewart Adams and John Nicholson at Boots, patented 1961, launched 1969.
Icotrokinra
Icotrokinra (ICOTYDE, JNJ-2113) is a first-in-class oral 13-amino-acid cyclic peptide IL-23 receptor antagonist by Johnson & Johnson and Protagonist, FDA-approved March 2026 for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis at 200 mg once daily.
Immunosuppressive drug
Immunosuppressive drugs, also called immunosuppressants, are agents that dampen immune responses to prevent transplant rejection and treat autoimmune disease; major classes include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antiproliferatives, mTOR inhibitors, and antibodies.
Imrecoxib
Imrecoxib (艾瑞昔布, brand Hengyang) is a Chinese-developed selective COX-2 inhibitor for osteoarthritis pain, codeveloped by Guo Zongru's IMM group with Hengrui and SFDA-approved in 2011 as a class 1.1 drug.
Indobufen
Indobufen (K 3920), an isoindoline phenyl-butyric acid antiplatelet drug, reversibly inhibits platelet COX-1 to block TXA2 synthesis; platelet function recovers within 24 hours, unlike aspirin's irreversible 7-10 day effect.
Indometacin
Indometacin (indomethacin; Indocin) is an indole-acetic-acid NSAID, first US-approved 1965, inhibiting COX-1/COX-2. Used for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, acute gout, painful shoulder, and neonatal patent ductus arteriosus; boxed warnings for cardiovascular and GI risk.
Indoprofen
Indoprofen (CAS 31842-01-0) is a propionic acid NSAID and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, approved 1979, used for rheumatoid arthritis pain, and withdrawn worldwide after adverse reactions including carcinogenicity in animal studies.
Isoxicam
Isoxicam (Maxicam, W 8495) is a withdrawn oxicam NSAID, a piroxicam analog dosed 200 mg once daily for arthritis, suspended worldwide in October 1985 after fatal Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis cases.
Ivarmacitinib
Ivarmacitinib (艾玛昔替尼, SHR0302, brand Asuda) is an oral selective JAK1 inhibitor by Jiangsu Hengrui, first approved in China in 2025 for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, atopic dermatitis, and alopecia areata.
Jingu Zhitong gel
Jingu Zhitong gel (筋骨止痛凝胶), Jiangsu Kanion's topical Chinese medicine approved by NMPA in April 2020 from Sun Shuchun's formula, treats knee osteoarthritis kidney-deficiency stasis pattern; 3 g twice daily, medical insurance Class B.
JMKX000623 (Nav1.8 blocker)
JMKX000623 (JMKX-000623, ODM-111) is Jemincare's oral, selective Nav1.8 (SCN10A) blocker for pain, phase 2 in China for diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, out-licensed to Orion outside Greater China.
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen (C16H14O3) is a propionic acid derivative NSAID inhibiting COX-1/COX-2, synthesized by Rhône-Poulenc in 1967 and marketed since 1973; US approval 1986 (Orudis), OTC 12.5 mg tablets 1995, with topical photoallergy risk and veterinary use (KetoMed).
Ketorolac
Ketorolac (Toradol) is a potent non-selective COX-inhibiting NSAID given orally, IV, IM, intranasally, or as eye drops for short-term (up to 5 days) moderate-to-severe acute pain, with opioid-sparing effects but the highest GI bleeding risk among NSAIDs.
Ketotifen
Ketotifen (Zaditen, Zaditor, Totifen) is a sedating first-generation H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer developed by Sandoz in 1970, used orally for asthma prophylaxis and allergy and as 0.025% eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis; not first-line asthma therapy per guidelines.
KPV tripeptide
KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, an anti-inflammatory peptide acting via PepT1 uptake and NF-kB inhibition, melanocortin-receptor independent, preclinical only, and reviewed by FDA's PCAC in July 2026.
Laropiprant
Laropiprant (MK-0524), a selective prostaglandin D2 DP1 receptor antagonist developed by Merck to reduce niacin-induced flushing; combined with extended-release niacin as Tredaptive/Cordaptive, then suspended in the EU after HPS2-THRIVE showed no cardiovascular benefit and excess serious adverse events.
Laudanum
Laudanum, an alcoholic tincture of opium, was named by Paracelsus in the 16th century and popularized by Thomas Sydenham's 1667 recipe; it dominated Victorian home medicine, caused widespread poisoning deaths, and survives as Schedule II opium tincture.
Lenabasum
Lenabasum (ajulemic acid, JBT-101, anabasum, Resunab) is a synthetic oral CB2 receptor agonist, nonpsychoactive, developed by Corbus for inflammatory and fibrotic diseases; Phase 2 trials in systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis were positive, but Phase 3 dermatomyositis and CF programs failed, and it is unapproved.
Levallorphan
Levallorphan (Lorfan) is a discontinued morphinan opioid antagonist with partial kappa-agonist activity, used to reverse opioid respiratory depression; unlike naloxone it depresses respiration and was superseded by it.
Levocabastine
Levocabastine, a potent selective second-generation H1 antihistamine (C26H29FN2O2), is a topical eye-drop and nasal-spray treatment for allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, first approved around 1990 and now discontinued in many markets.
Levocetirizine
Levocetirizine (Xyzal) is the R-enantiomer of cetirizine, an oral second-generation H1 antihistamine for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria; 5 mg once daily, renally cleared, FDA 2025 warning on severe post-discontinuation itching.
Levomethadyl acetate
Levomethadyl acetate (LAAM, levacetylmethadol, ORLAAM), a long-acting full mu-opioid agonist congener of methadone dosed three times weekly for opioid dependence; FDA-approved 1993, withdrawn 2001/2003 over QT prolongation and torsades de pointes.
Levopropoxyphene
Levopropoxyphene (L-propoxyphene), the (2R,3S) enantiomer of propoxyphene, is a discontinued centrally acting antitussive first approved in 1962; unlike its analgesic mirror image dextropropoxyphene, it suppresses cough without opioid pain relief.
List of orphine opioids
Orphine opioids (orphines, benzimidazol-2-ones, brorphine analogues): potent synthetic mu-opioid agonists from 1960s Janssen research, some ~10x fentanyl potency; includes orphine, chlorphine, brorphine, cychlorphine, spirochlorphine; UK TCDO June 2026.