210 articles
Sulfoxone
Sulfoxone (aldesulfone, Diasone sodium) is a water-soluble dapsone-derived sulfone formerly used to treat leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis; it inhibits dihydropteroate synthase and its US product is discontinued.
Suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the combination of antiretroviral drugs that keeps a person's HIV viral load undetectable, halting disease progression and preventing sexual transmission of the virus.
Suramin
Suramin (Germanin, Bayer 205) is a polysulfonated naphthylurea drug developed by Bayer in the 1910s; it remains in use for early-stage sleeping sickness.
Suraxavir marboxil tablets
Suraxavir marboxil (玛舒拉沙韦片, Yisuda, GP681) is a Chinese class 1 anti-influenza drug approved March 2025; an oral PA endonuclease inhibitor prodrug for uncomplicated influenza A and B in people 12 and older.
Tafenoquine
Tafenoquine (Krintafel, Kozenis, Arakoda, Kodatef; WR 238605) is a long-acting 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial, a primaquine analogue discovered by the U.S. Army in 1978, FDA-approved in 2018 for weekly malaria prophylaxis and single-dose radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria, contraindicated in G6PD deficiency.
Tavaborole
Tavaborole (Kerydin, AN2690) is an oxaborole topical antifungal, 5% solution, FDA approved 2014 for toenail onychomycosis from T. rubrum or T. mentagrophytes; inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, applied daily 48 weeks.
Tenofovir alafenamide
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF, GS-7340, Vemlidy) is a prodrug of tenofovir, an FDA-approved HBV nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor also used in HIV fixed-dose combinations such as Biktarvy and Descovy, delivering 90% lower plasma tenofovir than TDF with better renal and bone safety.
Tenofovir disoproxil
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, Viread) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor prodrug of tenofovir approved in 2001 for HIV and hepatitis B, used in Truvada for PrEP, with renal and bone toxicity risks versus TAF.
Terbinafine
Terbinafine (Lamisil) is an allylamine antifungal, discovered 1983 at Sandoz, that inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase; oral 250 mg tablets treat onychomycosis, topical 1% cream treats skin dermatophyte infections.
Terconazole
Terconazole (Terazol, Zazole) is a prescription triazole antifungal vaginal cream and suppository for vulvovaginal candidiasis in adult females; U.S. approved 1987, inhibiting fungal lanosterol demethylase.
Tilbroquinol
Tilbroquinol (7-bromo-5-methylquinolin-8-ol, CAS 7175-09-9, INN) is a halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline contact amoebicide for intestinal amebiasis, used with tiliquinol as Intetrix; withdrawn in France and Saudi Arabia for hepatotoxicity.
Tioconazole
Tioconazole, marketed as Vagistat-1 in the United States and Trosyd elsewhere, is an imidazole antifungal drug used topically for vaginal yeast infections and fungal nail infections.
Tipranavir
Tipranavir (PNU 140690, Aptivus) is a second-generation non-peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitor, a sulfonamide dihydropyrone approved in 2005 for treatment-experienced, PI-resistant patients, dosed 500 mg with ritonavir 200 mg twice daily.
Tolnaftate
Tolnaftate (Tinactin) is a synthetic thiocarbamate topical antifungal, the first globally successful one, sold OTC as 1% creams and sprays for athlete's foot and ringworm; it inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase but does not treat hair, scalp, or nail infections.
Triclabendazole
Triclabendazole (Egaten, Fasinex) is a benzimidazole anthelmintic active against immature and adult Fasciola liver flukes and Paragonimus; WHO's only recommended fascioliasis drug, FDA-approved 2019, with livestock resistance reported since the mid-1990s.
Trimetrexate
Trimetrexate (Neutrexin, trimetrexate glucuronate) is a lipophilic non-classical folate antagonist and DHFR inhibitor used with leucovorin as alternative therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia and tested as an anticancer agent.
Umifenovir
Umifenovir (Arbidol) is a Russian-developed indole antiviral fusion inhibitor licensed in Russia and China for influenza, not approved by EMA/FDA, with WHO recommending against it for non-severe influenza.
Valaciclovir
Valaciclovir (valacyclovir, Valtrex) is the L-valyl ester prodrug of aciclovir, an oral antiviral for genital herpes, shingles, cold sores, and CMV prophylaxis, with about 54% aciclovir bioavailability, three to five times oral aciclovir.
Valnivudine
Valnivudine (FV-100) is an investigational oral prodrug of the bicyclic nucleoside analogue CF-1743, a highly selective varicella-zoster virus inhibitor developed for shingles; its Phase II trial missed its primary endpoint and Phase III was discontinued, so it was never licensed.
Vaniprevir
Vaniprevir (MK-7009), Merck's macrocyclic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor for genotype 1 hepatitis C; phase III Japan SVR24 83.7-84.5% vs 55.1% with peginterferon/ribavirin; R155, D168 resistance.
Velpatasvir
Velpatasvir (GS-5816) is a pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor from Gilead, used in Epclusa (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir) and Vosevi, with about 98% cure rates across HCV genotypes 1-6.
Vicriviroc
Vicriviroc (VCV, VVC, SCH 417690) is an investigational small-molecule allosteric CCR5 antagonist that blocks HIV-1 entry; it reached phase 3 trials in treatment-experienced patients before development was discontinued.
Voxilaprevir
Voxilaprevir (GS-9857) is a Gilead HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor used only in Vosevi (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir), the 12-week salvage regimen for DAA treatment failures, FDA approved 2017.
Xenazoic acid
Xenazoic acid (xenalamine, xenalmine, SKF-8318), CAS 1174-11-4, C23H21NO4, is a synthetic antiviral benzoic acid derivative introduced in the early 1960s and withdrawn in 1965 in France and Belgium for hepatic toxicity.
Yallaferon
Yallaferon (人干扰素α2b凝胶) is a recombinant human interferon α-2b gel marketed by Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings in China for topical and vaginal treatment of viral infections, including cervical erosion, genital herpes, and condyloma acuminatum.
Yimitasvir phosphate
Yimitasvir phosphate (磷酸依米他韦, Dongwei'en) is an oral HCV NS5A inhibitor by Guangdong HEC, approved in China December 2020 with sofosbuvir for genotype 1 non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C, SVR12 99.5%, once-daily 0.1 g capsule.
Zalcitabine
Zalcitabine (ddC, 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine, Hivid) was Roche's nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, FDA-approved in 1992 with zidovudine for advanced HIV; limited by peripheral neuropathy and stomatitis, discontinued December 31, 2006.
Zidovudine
Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and the first FDA-approved HIV drug (March 19, 1987); once the standard of care, oral ZDV is now no longer recommended for initial adult therapy due to serious adverse effects.
Zinc pyrithione
Zinc pyrithione (CAS 13463-41-7), a zinc pyrithione coordination compound, is an antifungal anti-dandruff shampoo active and cosmetic preservative; banned in EU cosmetics from March 2022 as a CMR 1B substance, still an OTC dandruff drug active in the US.
Ziresovir
Ziresovir (AK0529, formerly RO-0529) is an oral RSV F protein inhibitor by Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical; its phase 3 AIRFLO trial showed reduced bronchiolitis scores and viral load in hospitalized infants.