640 articles
Moricizine
Moricizine (Ethmozine), a phenothiazine-derived class I antiarrhythmic synthesized in the USSR in 1964 and FDA-approved in 1990 for ventricular arrhythmias; CAST-II showed excess mortality versus placebo after myocardial infarction.
Motixafortide
Motixafortide (Aphexda, BL-8040) is a long-acting cyclic-peptide CXCR4 antagonist approved in 2023 with filgrastim for stem cell mobilization in multiple myeloma; real-world data show no superiority over plerixafor.
Moxisylyte
Moxisylyte (thymoxamine, Opilon, Carlytene) is an α1-adrenergic antagonist vasodilator prodrug used for primary Raynaud's phenomenon and, by intracavernous injection, erectile dysfunction; withdrawn in France in 1993 for hepatotoxicity.
Moxonidine
Moxonidine, sold as Physiotens and Cynt, is a centrally acting antihypertensive that stimulates I1-imidazoline receptors in the brainstem; it is approved for mild to moderate hypertension.
Mozavaptan
Mozavaptan (OPC-31260, Physuline, mozavaptan hydrochloride) is an oral non-peptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (vaptan) developed by Otsuka; approved in Japan in 2006 as an orphan drug for hyponatremia in paraneoplastic SIADH.
Muraglitazar
Muraglitazar (BMS-298585, Pargluva) was a dual PPARα/γ agonist for type 2 diabetes developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck; FDA approval was declined in 2005 after a meta-analysis showed excess death and cardiovascular events.
Muzolimine
Muzolimine is a pyrazolone loop diuretic, developed as BAY g 2821, that acts in the loop of Henle; introduced in Europe in 1987, it was withdrawn after two years for neurological toxicity.
MWN101
MWN101 is a once-weekly injectable GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon triple agonist from China's Shanghai Minwei Biotechnology, in phase 2 trials for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Nadroparin calcium
Nadroparin calcium (Fraxiparine) is a porcine-derived low molecular weight heparin, mean MW 4.5 kDa, anti-Xa/anti-IIa ratio 3.2:1, given subcutaneously for VTE prophylaxis, VTE treatment, hemodialysis, and unstable angina.
Nafarelin
Nafarelin (Synarel) is a synthetic GnRH agonist decapeptide nasal spray treating central precocious puberty and endometriosis; initial LH/FSH stimulation followed by reversible pituitary desensitization lowers sex steroid output.
Naftazone
Naftazone (Mediaven, Etioven) is a naphthoquinone vasoprotective and capillary-stabilizing drug (ATC C05CX02) for venous insufficiency, 30 mg once daily, with antiplatelet effects in vitro; approved products recorded as withdrawn.
Naftopidil
Naftopidil (ナフトピジル, Flivas) is an alpha-1d-selective alpha-blocker approved in Japan for urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, comparable to tamsulosin and silodosin, with fewer sexual adverse events than silodosin.
Nebivolol
Nebivolol, sold under the brand names Bystolic and Nebilet, is a third-generation, β1-selective beta blocker used to treat hypertension, approved in Europe in 1995 and in the United States in 2007.
Neridronic acid
Neridronic acid (neridronate, Nerixia), a third-generation aminohexane bisphosphonate (C6H17NO7P2), given IV or IM; licensed in Italy for osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget's disease, and CRPS-I.
Nifedipine
Nifedipine, a first-generation Bayer dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (Adalat, Procardia), treats hypertension and angina; extended-release forms are preferred in pregnancy, immediate-release capsules are not for long-term use.
Nifekalant
Nifekalant (MS-551) is a class III antiarrhythmic drug, a selective IKr (HERG) potassium-channel blocker approved in Japan in 1999 for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and shock-resistant VF; used only in Japan, with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes as its main risk.
Nilvadipine
Nilvadipine (Nivadil), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for hypertension, half-life 15-20 h, once-daily dosing; the NILVAD phase III trial found no benefit in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.
Nisoldipine
Nisoldipine (Nisocor, Sular) is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for hypertension, acting on vascular smooth muscle L-type channels; US-approved 1995, dosed 17–34 mg once daily, with grapefruit interaction and ~5% bioavailability.
Nitrefazole
Nitrefazole (Altimol, EMD-15-700) is a withdrawn 4-nitroimidazole aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor once used as an alcohol deterrent for alcoholism; withdrawn in Germany and Austria in 1984 for fatal hepatotoxicity.
Nolasiban
Nolasiban (erlosiban, OBE-001) is an oral oxytocin receptor antagonist developed by ObsEva to improve IVF embryo transfer outcomes; pooled trial data showed a 5% absolute ongoing-pregnancy gain, but Phase 3 IMPLANT 4 failed and IVF development was discontinued.
Nomegestrol acetate
Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a 19-norprogesterone-derived progestogen, is used with estradiol 1.5 mg in the combined pill Zoely (EU 2011) and alone for gynecological disorders; selective progesterone receptor binding, half-life about 50 hours, meningioma risk measures since 2022.
Norelgestromin
Norelgestromin (NGMN), the primary active metabolite of norgestimate, is the progestin in the once-weekly contraceptive patch Ortho Evra/Evra/Xulane, delivering 150 mcg NGMN plus ethinyl estradiol; efficacy matches oral contraceptives with better compliance.
Norgestimate
Norgestimate (NGM), a 19-norsteroid progestin prodrug converted to norelgestromin, is used with ethinyl estradiol in combined oral contraceptives such as Ortho Tri-Cyclen, FDA-approved since 1989 for pregnancy prevention and moderate acne, with levonorgestrel-level VTE risk.
Obeticholic acid
Obeticholic acid (Ocaliva, 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid) is a semisynthetic FXR agonist approved in 2016 for primary biliary cholangitis, later withdrawn in the EU (2024) and US (2025).
Octreotide
Octreotide (Sandostatin) is a synthetic octapeptide somatostatin analogue synthesized at Sandoz in 1980 and FDA-approved in 1988. It inhibits GH, insulin, and gut hormone secretion, treating acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome, with LAR monthly and oral formulations.
Odanacatib
Odanacatib (MK-0822) was an investigational oral, once-weekly cathepsin K inhibitor Merck developed for osteoporosis and abandoned in September 2016 after a trial showed increased stroke risk.
Olezarsen
Olezarsen (Tryngolza), an Ionis GalNAc-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide targeting apoC-III mRNA, lowers triglycerides; FDA-approved 2024 for familial chylomicronemia syndrome and 2026 for severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Olmesartan
Olmesartan (Benicar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker prodrug (olmesartan medoxomil) approved in the US in 2002 for hypertension; known for 24-hour BP lowering, sprue-like enteropathy risk, and ROADMAP and SUPPORT trial findings.
Olorigliflozin
Olorigliflozin (奥洛格列净), brand Dongze'an, is Sunshine Lake Pharma's Class 1 SGLT2 inhibitor capsule (20/50 mg) approved by China's NMPA in January 2026 for type 2 diabetes, alone or with metformin.
Omarigliptin
Omarigliptin (MK-3102, MARIZEV) is Merck's once-weekly oral DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes, approved in Japan in 2015; 25 mg weekly showed non-inferior HbA1c reduction to daily sitagliptin.