640 articles
Medical expulsive therapy
Medical expulsive therapy is drug treatment, usually with an alpha-blocker such as tamsulosin, given to help a ureteral stone 10 mm or smaller pass in the urine without surgery.
Medrogestone
Medrogestone (Colprone) is a synthetic oral progestogen, 6,17α-dimethyl-6-dehydroprogesterone, developed by Ayerst, approved in Canada in 1969, never FDA-approved, used in France for progesterone-deficiency disorders, with prolonged use linked to increased meningioma risk (OR 3.49).
Mefruside
Mefruside (Baycaron, BAY 1500) is a thiazide-like sulfonamide diuretic, ATC C03BA05, DDD 25 mg oral, developed in Germany in 1968; it inhibits NCC and carbonic anhydrase, raises uric acid, and lowers blood pressure.
Melagatran
Melagatran: active metabolite of the prodrug ximelagatran (Exanta), AstraZeneca's first oral direct thrombin inhibitor; approved in the EU in 2004 for orthopedic VTE prophylaxis, withdrawn worldwide in February 2006 for hepatotoxicity.
Meldonium
Meldonium (Mildronate, MET-88) is a Latvian-developed anti-ischemic drug that lowers carnitine by inhibiting gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase; sold in Eastern Europe, WADA-prohibited since 2016, with unproven ergogenic effects.
Melogliptin
Melogliptin (GRC 8200), an oral DPP-IV inhibitor developed by Glenmark Pharmaceuticals for type 2 diabetes, out-licensed to Merck KGaA in 2006 for US$31 million, returned in 2008, and discontinued in Phase 2 in 2011.
Menatetrenone
Menatetrenone (メナテトレノン), menaquinone-4 or MK-4, is a synthetic vitamin K2 drug (C31H40O2) sold as Glakay by Eisai; approved in Japan since 1995 at 45 mg/day for osteoporosis, it lowers undercarboxylated osteocalcin but shows uncertain fracture benefit.
Mephentermine
Mephentermine (Termin) is a sympathomimetic amine vasopressor, C11H17N, acting mainly by norepinephrine release; half-life 17-18 hours, approved 1951, used for spinal anesthesia hypotension, with amphetamine-type dependence risk.
Meprednisone
Meprednisone (16-methylprednisone), also known by the brand name Betapar, is a synthetic glucocorticoid and methylated prednisone derivative, glucocorticoid receptor agonist, 4 mg oral tablet, discontinued.
Mersalyl
Mersalyl (Salyrgan), sodium salt of mersalyl acid, an organomercury diuretic introduced in 1924 for edema; acts by binding protein sulfhydryl groups, toxic, discontinued by FDA, replaced by thiazides and loop diuretics.
Metformin glycinate
Metformin glycinate is a glycine salt form of metformin, an oral biguanide for type 2 diabetes. A 12-month trial found HbA1c efficacy equal to metformin hydrochloride with fewer adverse events and faster AMPK phosphorylation in hepatocytes.
Methazolamide
Methazolamide (Neptazane, Glauctabs) is an oral first-generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, FDA approved 1959, used in 25/50 mg tablets for glaucoma; longer half-life (~14 h) and lower protein binding than acetazolamide, also studied for altitude sickness.
Methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide (Enduron, Aquatensen) is a thiazide diuretic and sodium chloride symporter inhibitor for hypertension and edema, about 100 times more potent per mg than chlorothiazide, excreted unchanged in urine; US products are discontinued.
Methyldopa
Methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa, Aldomet) is a centrally acting antihypertensive prodrug converted to alpha-methylnorepinephrine, an alpha-2 agonist. Developed in the 1950s, now used mainly for hypertension in pregnancy; causes sedation and depression.
Methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol, Depo-Medrol) is a synthetic prednisolone-derivative glucocorticoid used orally and by injection for inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy, with greater anti-inflammatory potency than prednisolone.
Metipranolol
Metipranolol (OptiPranolol, Trimepranol) is a non-selective beta-blocker used as 0.3% eye drops twice daily for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension; associated with granulomatous anterior uveitis and UK withdrawal.
Metolazone
Metolazone (Zaroxolyn, Mykrox) is a long-acting quinazoline thiazide-type diuretic approved by the FDA in 1973 for edema in heart failure and renal disease and for hypertension; it works even at GFR below 20 mL/min.
Metoprolol
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL) is a beta-1 selective blocker marketed as tartrate and extended-release succinate salts; used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, post-infarction, and HFrEF, where MERIT-HF showed mortality reduction.
Metreleptin
Metreleptin (Myalept, Myalepta) is a recombinant human leptin analog injected daily for complications of leptin deficiency in lipodystrophy. FDA approved 2014 for generalized lipodystrophy; EU 2018; lowers HbA1c and triglycerides; REMS-restricted.
Migalastat
Migalastat (Galafold, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin) is Amicus Therapeutics' oral pharmacological chaperone for Fabry disease, approved by EMA 2016 and FDA 2018, for patients with amenable GLA mutations defined by the GLP-HEK assay (≥1.2-fold and ≥3% wild-type alpha-Gal A increase), dosed 123 mg every other day.
Miglitol
Miglitol (Glyset, Diastabol) is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, a desoxynojirimycin derivative approved by the FDA in 1996, used as adjunct to diet and exercise in type 2 diabetes; dosed 25-100 mg three times daily, renally excreted unchanged.
Miglustat
Miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, Zavesca) is an oral glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, a substrate reduction therapy for type 1 Gaucher disease and Niemann-Pick type C neurological manifestations, and part of Pompe combination therapy.
Milvexian
Milvexian (BMS-986177, JNJ-70033093) is an investigational oral, small-molecule, reversible direct factor XIa inhibitor from Bristol Myers Squibb and Janssen; it prevented VTE after knee arthroplasty in phase 2 but failed in the phase 3 LIBREXIA ACS trial.
Minoxidil
Minoxidil, sold as Rogaine, is a vasodilator drug developed in the 1970s for severe hypertension and now best known as a treatment for hair loss.
Mipomersen
Mipomersen, brand name Kynamro, is an antisense oligonucleotide that blocks apoB synthesis, approved in the United States in 2013 for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and since discontinued.
Mirabegron
Mirabegron (Myrbetriq, Betmiga) is a beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist for overactive bladder, approved in the US in June 2012, recommended by NICE when antimuscarinics fail, with lower dry mouth risk but modest blood pressure increase.
Mitapivat
Mitapivat (AG-348; Pyrukynd, Aqvesme) is an oral first-in-class allosteric activator of red-cell pyruvate kinase, approved 2022 in the US for pyruvate kinase deficiency and 2025 for thalassemia, with sickle cell disease under FDA priority review.
Mitiglinide
Mitiglinide (Glufast, GLUBES with voglibose) is a rapid-acting glinide insulin secretagogue for type 2 diabetes, developed by Kissei, marketed in Japan since 2004, acting via SUR1/KATP channel closure.
Moexipril
Moexipril (Univasc) is an oral non-sulfhydryl ACE inhibitor prodrug hydrolyzed to moexiprilat, approved in the US in 1995 for hypertension as 7.5 or 15 mg once-daily tablets, alone or with hydrochlorothiazide.
Monteplase
Monteplase (Cleactor, E6010) is a recombinant mutant tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolytic with a Cys84Ser mutation, approved in Japan in 2005 for acute pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction, distinct from alteplase and tenecteplase.