Human health and medicine

Breech extraction

Breech extraction: obstetric maneuver delivering a fetus feet- or buttocks-first by traction. Used for a non-vertex second twin and as reverse breech extraction for an impacted head at cesarean.

Bremelanotide (Vyleesi, PT-141) is a melanocortin receptor agonist peptide approved by the FDA in 2019 for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women; self-injected 1.75 mg as needed, with nausea and transient blood pressure rises as main adverse effects.

Brenetafusp

Brenetafusp (IMC-F106C) is Immunocore's PRAME x CD3 ImmTAC bispecific TCR fusion protein for HLA-A*02:01-positive PRAME-expressing cancers, in Phase 3 (PRISM-MEL-301) for first-line advanced cutaneous melanoma with nivolumab and Phase 1/2 testing in ovarian and lung cancers.

Brensocatib

Brensocatib (Brinsupri, INS1007/AZD7986) is an oral DPP-1 inhibitor approved 2025-2026 for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in patients 12 and older, reducing exacerbations about 20% in the ASPEN trial.

Brent C. James

Brent C. James is an American physician and statistician known for building Intermountain Healthcare's quality-improvement and patient-safety program; he joined the National Academy of Medicine in 2004.

Brentuximab vedotin

Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) is a CD30-directed antibody-drug conjugate carrying MMAE, approved from 2011 for Hodgkin lymphoma and CD30-positive T-cell lymphomas; ECHELON-1 showed better 5-year PFS than ABVD, with peripheral neuropathy as the key toxicity.

Brepocitinib

Brepocitinib (Lisraya, PF-06700841) is an oral dual TYK2/JAK1 inhibitor approved by FDA in August 2026 for dermatomyositis in adults, 30 mg once daily, based on the phase 3 VALOR trial.

BRESEK syndrome

BRESEK syndrome, also called BRESHECK syndrome (OMIM 308205), is an extremely rare X-linked multiple congenital malformation syndrome caused by MBTPS2 mutations, combining brain anomalies, severe intellectual disability, ectodermal dysplasia, skeletal, ear/eye, and kidney defects; all reported patients are male.

Bretylium

Bretylium (bretylium tosylate, Bretylol), an adrenergic neuronal blocking class III antiarrhythmic injected for resistant ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation; removed from ACLS guidelines in 2000 and now largely unavailable.

Brexpiprazole

Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) is an Otsuka atypical antipsychotic, a D2 and 5-HT1A partial agonist, approved in the US in 2015 for schizophrenia and adjunctive MDD, in 2021 for adolescents, and in 2023 for Alzheimer's agitation.

Brexucabtagene autoleucel

Brexucabtagene autoleucel (Tecartus, KTE-X19) is Kite Pharma's autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for adult relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (FDA 2020) and B-cell precursor ALL (2021), dosed 1-2 × 10^6 CAR+ T cells/kg.

Brhacchaghaladya ghrta

Bṛhacchāgalādya ghṛta (Bṛhacchāgalādyaghṛta, Brihacchagaladya ghrita) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated ghee (ghṛta) formulation, AFI 6:3, IMPPAT AFI000611, dosage 12 g, with 27 ingredients and uses including vātaroga, unmāda, apasmāra, and sciatica.

Brhadagnikumara Rasa

Brhadagnikumara Rasa (Bṛhadagnikumāra rasa) is a classical herbo-mineral Ayurvedic medicine, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, used chiefly for indigestion and related digestive complaints.

Brhanmanjisthadi kvatha curna

Bṛhanmañjiṣṭhādi kvātha cūrṇa (Brihat/Mahamanjishthadi Kwath) is an Ayurvedic ~45-herb decoction powder led by Rubia cordifolia, from the Sharangadhara Samhita, AFI dose 48 g, indicated for upadamsha and skin disorders.

Brhanmaricadya taila

Brhanmaricadya taila (Bṛhanmaricādya taila; बृहन्मरीचाद्य तैल) is an Ayurvedic medicated oil listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part II, and indicated for skin diseases, ulcers, gout, eczema, and blisters.

Brhat candrodaya makaradhvaja (afi afi-brhatcandrodayamakaradvaja)

Bṛhat candrodaya makaradhvaja (pūrṇa candrodaya rasa), AFI000585, is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral rasayana of gold, mercury, and sulphur with camphor, musk, and aloe; dose 125-250 mg.

Brhat gangadhara curna

Brhat Gangadhara Curna (Bṛhat Gaṅgādhara Cūrṇa) is a 22-ingredient Ayurvedic herbal powder from the Sharangdhar Samhita, Kutaj-bark dominant, used for diarrhea, dysentery, and IBS; official dose 3–6 g.

Brhat Guduci Taila

Brhat Guduci Taila (Bṛhat Guḍūcī Taila) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated sesame-oil formulation built on Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), listed in AFI Part I 8:38 for Vatarakta, dose 12 g with warm water.

Brhat kasturi bhairava rasa (brhat kasturibhairava rasa)

Bṛhat kastūrībhairava rasa (Brihat Kasturi Bhairav Ras) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral fever formula from Bhaishajya Ratnavali, AFI000124, 125 mg dose, containing musk, calcined metals, orpiment, and herbs.

Brhat kvatha curna

Bṛhat kvātha cūrṇa (बृहत् क्वाथ चूर्ण) is the coarse Ayurvedic powder, in major (bṛhat) formulations, boiled with water to make a kvātha decoction; API dose 20–50 g, powder keeps up to a year.

Brhat Masa Taila

Brhat Masa Taila (Bṛhatmāṣa taila, Brihat Masha Taila) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated sesame-oil formulation from Bhaishajyaratnavali 241-245, built on black gram, goat meat and milk, used internally and as Vasti, Abhyanga and Nasya for Vata disorders such as tremors, frozen shoulder and facial paralysis.

Brhat nrpavallabha rasa

Bṛhat nṛpavallabha rasa (Brhat Nrpavallabha Rasa) is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill from Bhaishajyaratnavali, listed as AFI 20:25, with 23 ingredients including calcined gold, iron, silver, lead, purified mercury, and spices; dose 250-500 mg.

Brhat phala ghrta

Bṛhat phala ghṛta (बृहत् फल घृत) is an Ayurvedic medicated ghee, AFI entry 6:31 from the Śārṅgadharasaṃhitā, dosed 12 g with warm water; the enlarged sibling of Phala ghṛta, used for infertility, pediatric, and pregnancy disorders.

BRHAT PURNACANDRA RASA

Brhat Pirnacandra Rasa (Bṛhat pūrṇacandra rasa, Brihat Purnachandra Ras) is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI000626), 250 mg dose, combining calcined gold, mercury, sulphur, and plant drugs for cough, dyspnea, anemia, and other uses.

Brhat Sarvajvarahara Lauha

Brhat Sarvajvarahara Lauha (sarvajwarhar loha br.) is a classical Ayurvedic iron (lauha) formulation for fever, entry 17:4 of AFI Part I, related to Sarvajvarahara Lauha.

Brhat srmgarabhra manikya rasa

Māṇikya rasa (Rasa Manikya), Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation; AFI-listed rasa yoga with purified mercury, calcined metals, and orpiment; ruby-red arsenical preparation from Haratala used for skin and respiratory disorders.

Brhat srngarabhra rasa (brhat sringarabhra rasa)

Brihat Shringarabhra Ras (Brhat srngarabhra rasa), a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral tablet from Bhaishajya Ratnavali, built on Abhraka bhasma and Kajjali with about 21 herbs, indicated for cough and asthma; the "Brihat" variant adds gold calx and deer horn calx.

Brhat Vamgesvara Rasa

Bṛhat Vaṅgeśvara Rasa (बृहत् वङ्गेश्वर रस) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation of calcined tin, gold, silver, pearl, mica, mercury, and sulphur, indicated mainly for prameha (diabetes mellitus) at 125–259 mg.

Brhat Vatacintamani Rasa

Brhat Vatacintamani Rasa (Brihat Vata Chintamani Rasa) is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation of calcined gold, silver, mica, iron, coral, pearl, mercury sulfide, and aloe, dosed at 125 mg, used for vata disorders such as stroke.