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Capmatinib
Capmatinib (brand name Tabrecta) is an oral MET inhibitor approved in the US in May 2020, the first targeted therapy for metastatic lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping.
CAPNETZ study
CAPNETZ study: German prospective multicenter observational cohort of community-acquired pneumonia in adults, recruiting since 2002 (DRKS00005274, NCT02139163); over 14,000 patients, largest CAP etiology study in Germany, run by CAPNETZ STIFTUNG.
Capnography
Capnography, also known as end-tidal CO2 monitoring, continuously measures and displays exhaled carbon dioxide as a waveform, used to confirm tube placement and monitor ventilation.
Capreomycin
Capreomycin (Capastat Sulfate), a cyclic polypeptide tuberactinomycin antibiotic from Streptomyces capreolus, was a second-line injectable for MDR-TB; meta-analyses showed worse outcomes, and WHO no longer recommends it.
Capsular release
Capsular release is a surgical procedure, usually performed arthroscopically, that cuts a contracted joint capsule to restore range of motion and reduce pain, most often for frozen shoulder.
Capsular repair
Capsular repair is the surgical closure of the hip joint capsule incision at the end of hip arthroscopy, restoring stability; leaving it open raises revision and hip replacement risk.
Capsule (pharmacy)
Pharmaceutical capsule: solid oral dosage form enclosing a drug dose in a hard or soft soluble shell, usually gelatin. Patented by Mothes and Dublanc in 1833; two-piece hard capsules from Lehuby's 1846 method; sizes 00 to 5.
Capsule Endoscopes
Capsule endoscopes are swallowable wireless pill cameras imaging the GI mucosa, invented by Gavriel Iddan and Paul Swain, FDA-approved in 2001 as Given Imaging's M2A/PillCam, now first-line for small-bowel bleeding and Crohn's evaluation.
Capsule endoscopy
Capsule endoscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which the patient swallows a miniature wireless camera that images the small bowel, first used in humans in 1999.
Capsulorhexis
Capsulorhexis is a cataract-surgery technique in which the surgeon tears a continuous circular opening in the lens capsule by hand, the standard method since its 1990 description.
CAPTAIN trial
CAPTAIN (NCT07249853) is a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at Beijing Tiantan Hospital testing cilostazol 100 mg BID versus placebo for preventing delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; not yet recruiting as of November 2025.
CAPTIME trial
CAPTIME (NCT01661920, Suitability of Antibiotic Treatment for Community-acquired Pneumonia) was a Spanish, four-hospital randomized trial testing 5-day, clinical-stability-guided antibiotic treatment against routine 7-10 day duration in adults hospitalized with CAP.
CAPTIVA-MRI study
CAPTIVA-MRI (NCT05907629) is an observational multimodal MRI study ancillary to the CAPTIVA stroke trial, testing whether MRI biomarkers identify intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis patients who fail best medical management.
Captopril
Captopril (Capoten, SQ 14,225) is the first orally active ACE inhibitor, designed rationally at Squibb by Cushman and Ondetti in 1974-75 from carboxypeptidase A inhibitor models, used for hypertension, heart failure, post-MI dysfunction, and diabetic nephropathy.
CAR T-cell therapy
CAR T-cell therapy is an immunotherapy in which a patient's T cells are engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor to attack cancer cells, used mainly for blood cancers.
CAR trial
CAR trial (NCT01889992), Cardiac Allograft Remodeling and Effects of Sirolimus, a University of Nebraska heart-transplant study of sirolimus versus remodeling, registered 2013, terminated 2023 with no results posted.
CAR-NK cell therapy
CAR-NK cell therapy is a cancer immunotherapy in which natural killer cells are engineered with chimeric antigen receptors to attack tumors, offering off-the-shelf donor-derived treatment.
Caragea's plague
Caragea's plague (Romanian: ciuma lui Caragea) was a bubonic plague epidemic that devastated Wallachia and its capital Bucharest between 1812 and 1814, the deadliest plague recorded in the Romanian lands.
CARASAL
CARASAL, cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease causing adult-onset strokes and severe white matter damage, caused by CTSA gene variants and first characterized in 2016.
Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine (Tegretol), a tricyclic sodium channel blocker synthesized at Geigy in 1953, treats epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar disorder; HLA-B*15:02 screening guides SJS/TEN risk.
Carbapenem
Carbapenems, also known as carbapenem antibiotics, are broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics derived from thienamycin, first introduced clinically as imipenem in 1985 and used for serious multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.
Carbapenem inactivation method
The carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) is a low-cost phenotypic assay that detects carbapenemase production in Gram-negative bacteria using a meropenem disk and an E. coli indicator strain.
Carbenicillin indanyl
Carbenicillin indanyl (carindacillin, Geocillin) is the oral indanyl-ester prodrug of the penicillin carbenicillin, hydrolyzed after intestinal absorption; formerly marketed by Pfizer in the US, now discontinued there.
Carbetapentane
Carbetapentane (pentoxyverine) is a non-opioid central antitussive for cold, flu, bronchitis, and sinusitis cough; sigma-1 agonist (Ki 75 nM) with antimuscarinic and local anesthetic actions; ATC R05DB05; FDA nonmonograph since 1987.
Carbetocin
Carbetocin (Duratocin, Pabal) is a long-acting synthetic oxytocin analogue, 100 μg IM/IV, used to prevent postpartum haemorrhage; its heat-stable formulation needs no refrigeration and is WHO-recommended where cold chains fail.
Carbidopa anhydrous
Carbidopa anhydrous (UNII KR87B45RGH, CAS 28860-95-9, C10H14N2O4, MW 226.3) is the water-free form of the peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor combined with levodopa for Parkinson's disease, first marketed in 1975.
Carbidopa/levodopa
Carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet and related brands) is a Parkinson's disease drug combination; carbidopa blocks peripheral levodopa breakdown, cutting required levodopa dose about 75 percent, commercially available since 1975.
Carbimazole
Carbimazole, a thionamide prodrug of methimazole (thiamazole), treats hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis. UK/Europe standard first-line drug for Graves' disease; not approved in the US; key risks agranulocytosis, pancreatitis, teratogenicity.
Carbinoxamine
Carbinoxamine (Clistin, Karbinal ER, Palgic) is a first-generation ethanolamine H1 antihistamine with sedative and anticholinergic effects, approved in the US in 1953 for allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, and anaphylaxis adjunct use, contraindicated under age 2.
Carbogen breathing
Carbogen breathing is the inhalation of a carbon dioxide–oxygen gas mixture, typically 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide, used to raise tumor oxygenation during radiotherapy.