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Carnivore diet
Carnivore diet, also called the zero carb diet: an all-animal-food eating pattern excluding all plant foods, the most ketogenic low-carb diet, with limited evidence and identified risks including raised LDL cholesterol and nutrient deficiencies.
Carnosinaemia
Carnosinase deficiency (carnosinemia, CNDP1/CN1 deficiency, OMIM 212200): ultra-rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with low serum carnosinase, carnosinuria, and carnosinemia; variable neurological phenotype, causality debated.
Carol Gino
Carol Gino (born 1941) is an American registered nurse and author of The Nurse's Story (1982) and Rusty's Story; longtime companion of Mario Puzo, she completed his novel The Family in 2001.
Carol M. Black
Dame Carol Black is a British rheumatologist and international expert on scleroderma who served as President of the Royal College of Physicians from 2002 to 2006.
Carol Yager
Carol Ann Yager (1960–1994) was an American woman from Flint, Michigan, widely described as the heaviest woman ever recorded at a confirmed 1,189 pounds in 1993.
Caroli disease
Caroli disease, also called congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, is a rare autosomal recessive PKHD1-related dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts; with congenital hepatic fibrosis it is Caroli syndrome, with cholangitis, stones, and cholangiocarcinoma risk.
Carotenosis
Carotenosis (carotenemia, carotenoderma) is benign yellow-orange skin discoloration from elevated blood β-carotene deposited in the stratum corneum, affecting palms and soles but sparing the sclerae, distinguishing it from jaundice.
Carotid angioplasty
Carotid angioplasty and stenting is a minimally invasive procedure that widens a narrowed carotid artery with a balloon and stent to prevent stroke, an alternative to carotid endarterectomy.
Carotid Arteries Ultrasonography
Carotid arteries ultrasonography (carotid duplex ultrasound, DUS) is a noninvasive gray-scale and Doppler exam grading carotid stenosis by ICA peak systolic velocity (normal 230 cm/s); USPSTF advises against asymptomatic screening.
Carotid artery
The carotid arteries, also known as the arteria carotis, are paired neck arteries supplying the brain, face, and neck; their narrowing from plaque is a major cause of stroke.
Carotid artery dissection
Carotid artery dissection, a tear of the carotid artery wall forming a false lumen, part of cervical artery dissection; a leading cause of stroke in young adults (incidence 2.6–2.9/100,000), treated with antiplatelets or anticoagulation, with low recurrent stroke risk.
Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid artery stenosis, also called carotid artery disease, is a narrowing of the carotid artery in the neck, usually by atherosclerotic plaque, causing roughly 10 to 15% of ischemic strokes.
Carotid cavernous fistula
Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF), also called carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, is an abnormal artery-to-vein shunt in the cavernous sinus, classified by Barrow types A-D, usually traumatic and direct or spontaneous and indirect, treated by endovascular embolization.
Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is surgical removal of plaque from the carotid bifurcation to prevent stroke. Introduced 1954; proven for symptomatic ≥70% stenosis by NASCET and ECST in 1991.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is an ultrasound measure of carotid wall thickening used as an atherosclerosis marker and trial surrogate; predictive of events but adds little beyond Framingham risk scores.
Carotid sinus
The carotid sinus, or carotid bulb, is a dilation at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery that houses baroreceptors regulating blood pressure and heart rate.
Carotid stenting
Carotid artery stenting (CAS), an endovascular alternative to carotid endarterectomy introduced in 1994, places a self-expanding stent in a narrowed carotid artery; CREST showed similar 4-year outcomes with more stroke after CAS and more MI after CEA.
Carotid web
Carotid web (carotid diaphragm, CaW): a shelf-like intimal variant of fibromuscular dysplasia at the posterior internal carotid bulb causing thromboembolic cryptogenic stroke in young, often female and Black patients; treated with antiplatelets or CEA/stenting.
Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity
Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is the gold-standard noninvasive measure of aortic stiffness, calculated as wave travel distance divided by carotid-to-femoral transit time, with a 10 m/s cut-off and standardized distance methods.
Carotuximab
Carotuximab (TRC105, c-SN6j, DE-122) is an investigational chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody against endoglin (CD105) by TRACON Pharmaceuticals; phase II TRAXAR and phase III TAPPAS trials failed to show benefit, and it remains unapproved.
Carpal bones
Carpal bones (carpus): the eight wrist bones in two rows, proximal scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform and distal trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, linking forearm to metacarpals and forming the carpal tunnel.
Carpal tunnel
Carpal tunnel, also called carpal tunnel syndrome or median nerve entrapment, is an osteofibrous wrist canal carrying the median nerve and nine flexor tendons; nerve compression there causes numbness, first described by Paget in 1854 and treated by ligament release.
Carpal tunnel surgery
Carpal tunnel surgery (carpal tunnel release) divides the transverse carpal ligament to decompress the median nerve. Open, mini-open, and endoscopic techniques show similar long-term outcomes; endoscopic release returns patients to work about 7 to 9 days earlier.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve entrapment) is compression of the median nerve at the wrist causing thumb, index, and middle finger numbness; diagnosed with CTS-6, treated with splinting, steroid injection, or carpal tunnel release.
Carpectomy
Carpectomy is a wrist operation that removes one or more carpal bones, most often the entire proximal row, to relieve pain in advanced wrist arthritis while preserving motion.
Carpenter syndrome
Carpenter syndrome, or acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder first described in 1901, combining premature skull bone fusion with extra and fused fingers and toes.
Carphenazine
Carphenazine (carfenazine), a piperazine phenothiazine antipsychotic (C24H31N3O2S, CAS 2622-30-2), was used orally for schizophrenia in hospitalized patients, marketed as Proketazine maleate; now discontinued, targeting DRD2, HTR2A, HTR2C.
Carpometacarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint, especially the first (trapeziometacarpal) thumb joint: a saddle joint enabling opposition and pinch, highly loaded, prone to osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women, treated with splints, exercises, trapeziectomy, or arthroplasty.
Carrier State
The carrier state is harboring an infective organism without symptoms of infection while the organism stays transmissible; asymptomatic, incubatory, convalescent, and chronic carriers are recognized types.
Carrier testing
Carrier testing is a genetic test that identifies carriers of one recessive or X-linked disease variant and estimates the risk of an affected child, ideally before conception.