25,729 articles
CDK13-related developmental delay-intellectual disability-facial dysmorphism-congenital heart defects syndrome
CDK13-RD, also called CDK13-related disorder or CHDFIDD (OMIM 617360), is a rare autosomal dominant syndromic intellectual disability from de novo CDK13 variants, with developmental delay, apraxia of speech, facial dysmorphism, and heart defects in about 45%.
CDKL5-deficiency disorder
CDKL5-deficiency disorder (CDD), a rare X-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy from CDKL5 gene variants at Xp22.13, causes infantile-onset treatment-resistant seizures, severe developmental delay, and cortical visual impairment; ganaxolone (Ztalmy) is the first approved treatment.
CDS trial
Cornea Donor Study (CDS), an NEI-funded US multicenter randomized trial (NCT00006411) testing donor age in penetrating keratoplasty; 1,090 patients at 80 sites showed donor age up to 75 does not affect most graft outcomes.
CEASE therapy
CEASE therapy, short for Complete Elimination of Autistic Spectrum Expression, is a homeopathy-based protocol reported by Dutch physician Tinus Smits that claims to reverse autism by erasing toxic imprints; it has no scientific support.
CEBPE-associated autoinflammation-immunodeficiency-neutrophil dysfunction syndrome
CEBPE-associated autoinflammation-immunodeficiency-neutrophil dysfunction syndrome (CAIN) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory immunodeficiency caused by homozygous CEBPE p.Arg219His, causing recurrent fever attacks, infections, and noncanonical inflammasome activation.
Cebranopadol
Cebranopadol (GRT6005) is a first-in-class investigational oral analgesic from Grünenthal that dually agonizes NOP and mu-opioid receptors, with long half-life, reduced respiratory depression versus oxycodone, low abuse potential, and Phase 3 cancer-pain development.
Cecil Belfield Clarke
Cecil Belfield Clarke (1894–1970) was a Barbados-born physician who ran a general practice at Elephant and Castle, London, for 45 years and co-founded the League of Coloured Peoples in 1931.
Cecil G. Sheps
Cecil G. Sheps (1913–2004) was a Canadian-born physician and health services researcher at UNC Chapel Hill, founding director of its Health Services Research Center, renamed for him in 1991.
Cecolin 9 (nine-valent HPV vaccine, E. coli)
Cecolin 9 (馨可宁®9) is a nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine developed by Xiamen University and Wantai Biological in China. Approved in May 2025, it uses a novel bacterial expression system.
Cecostomy
Cecostomy, or C tube, is a surgical opening into the cecum through the abdominal wall, used to decompress an obstructed colon or to deliver antegrade enemas for fecal incontinence and refractory constipation, first described in 1710.
Cecum
Cecum (caecum): blind pouch starting the large intestine in the right iliac fossa, joined by the ileum at the ileocecal valve, giving attachment to the appendix; midgut-derived, supplied by the ileocolic artery.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, also called Cedars of Lebanon-Mount Sinai after its 1961 merger, is a nonprofit academic hospital at 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, with 919 licensed beds, tied #1 in California by U.S. News, and official medical provider for the LA28 Olympics.
CEDATA GPGE study
CEDATA-GPGE registry, a pseudonymized German-Austrian patient registry founded 1 July 2004 by the GPGE, documenting diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in over 6,000 children with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or unclassified IBD.
Cedazuridine
Cedazuridine (E7727, ASTX727, Inqovi) is an oral cytidine deaminase inhibitor paired with decitabine; FDA approved 2020 for MDS/CMML and, from 2026, AML with venetoclax, giving IV-equivalent decitabine exposure.
Cediranib
Cediranib (AZD2171, RECENTIN, Zemfirza) is an oral VEGFR-1/2/3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed by AstraZeneca for solid tumors; it improved PFS in relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (ICON6) but its EU marketing application was withdrawn in 2016.
CEDNIK syndrome
CEDNIK syndrome (cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, keratoderma), also proposed as SNAP29-related disorder, is a rare autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disease caused by biallelic SNAP29 loss-of-function variants, with developmental delay, hypotonia, and variable skin and brain findings.
Cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor anhydrous (Ceclor, Lilly 99638) is the water-free form of cefaclor, an oral second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic derived from cephalexin, FDA-approved in 1979, acting by inhibiting bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
Cefadroxil
Cefadroxil (Duricef) is a first-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic for urinary tract, skin, and streptococcal pharyngitis infections; its longer half-life than cephalexin allows once- or twice-daily dosing with similar efficacy.
Cefalexin
Cefalexin (cephalexin, Keflex) is a first-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic, bactericidal via penicillin-binding protein inhibition, dosed 250 mg q6h to 4 g/day, renally excreted unchanged, used for skin, urinary, bone, and respiratory infections.
Cefazolin
Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) is a first-generation parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic derived from cephalosporin C, approved in the U.S. in 1973, used for surgical prophylaxis and MSSA infections, limited by the cefazolin inoculum effect.
Cefdinir
Cefdinir (Omnicef) is an extended-spectrum, third-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic for mild to moderate infections including otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and skin infections; renal elimination, half-life 1.7 hours.
Cefepime
Cefepime (Maxipime) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, IV, approved 1996, used for pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, and UTIs; renally cleared, with dose-dependent neurotoxicity risk in renal impairment.
Cefiderocol
Cefiderocol (Fetroja, Fetcroja), formerly S-649266, is Shionogi's siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic using a Trojan horse iron-uptake mechanism against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, approved 2019-2020 in the US and EU.
Cefixime
Cefixime (Suprax) is an oral third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, U.S. approved 1986, used for UTIs, otitis media, bronchitis, and as an 800 mg alternative to ceftriaxone for gonorrhea.
Cefmenoxime
Cefmenoxime (SCE-1365, A-50912) is a third-generation injectable aminothiazolyl cephalosporin antibiotic developed by Takeda, active against Enterobacteriaceae and resistant to beta-lactamases, with an NMTT side chain linked rarely to bleeding and disulfiram-like reactions.
Cefmetazole
Cefmetazole (CS-1170), a semisynthetic cephamycin second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given parenterally, similar to cefoxitin; marketed in the US as ZEFAZONE (approved 1989, withdrawn 2001) and still used in Asia for ESBL-E infections.
Cefonicid
Cefonicid (Monocid) is a long-acting second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given IV or IM once daily, with a ~4.5-hour half-life and 98% protein binding; FDA-approved 1984, withdrawn from the US market by 2002.
Ceforanide
Ceforanide (BL-S786, Precef) is a discontinued second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given intravenously or intramuscularly, with a roughly 3-hour half-life, renal elimination, activity against coliforms and H. influenzae, and no Pseudomonas coverage.
Cefotaxime
Cefotaxime sodium, sold as Claforan, is an injectable third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, the first of its class to reach the market in Germany in 1980, used for serious gram-negative infections and preferred in neonates.
Cefotetan
Cefotetan (CEFOTAN), a 7-alpha-methoxy cephamycin beta-lactam antibiotic, IV/IM, half-life 3-4.6 hours, beta-lactamase resistant, anaerobe-active; FDA approved 1985; not active against Pseudomonas.